Related provisions for GENPRU 2.2.221

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CASS 5.5.37GRP
The FCA generally requires a firm to place client money in a client bank account with an approved bank. However, a firm which is an approved bank must not (subject to CASS 5.1.1 R (2)(e)) hold client money in an account with itself.
CASS 5.5.38RRP
(1) A firm must ensure that client money is held in a client bank account at one or more approved banks.(2) If the firm is a bank, it must not hold client money in an account with itself.
CASS 5.5.41RRP
A firm may hold client money with a bank that is not an approved bank if all the following conditions are met:(1) the client money relates to one or more insurance transactions which are subject to the law or market practice of a jurisdiction outside the United Kingdom;(2) because of the applicable law or market practice of that overseas jurisdiction, it is not possible to hold the client money in a client bank account with an approved bank;(3) the firm holds the money with such
CASS 5.5.42GRP
A firm owes a duty of care to a client when it decides where to place client money. The review required by CASS 5.5.43 R is intended to ensure that the risks inherent in placing client money with a bank are minimised or appropriately diversified by requiring a firm to consider carefully the bank or banks with which it chooses to place client money. For example, a firm which is likely only to hold relatively modest amounts of client money will be likely to be able to satisfy this
CASS 5.5.43RRP
Before a firm opens a client bank account and as often as is appropriate on a continuing basis (and no less than once in each financial year), it must take reasonable steps to establish that the bank is appropriate for that purpose.
CASS 5.5.44GRP
A firm should consider diversifying placements of client money with more than one bank where the amounts are, for example, of sufficient size to warrant such diversification.
CASS 5.5.45GRP
When considering where to place client money and to determine the frequency of the appropriateness test under CASS 5.5.43 R, a firm should consider taking into account, together with any other relevant matters:(1) the capital of the bank;(2) the amount of client money placed, as a proportion of the bank's capital and deposits;(3) the credit rating of the bank (if available); and(4) to the extent that the information is available, the level of risk in the investment and loan activities
CASS 5.5.46GRP
A firm will be expected to perform due diligence when opening a client bank account with a bank that is authorised in the United Kingdom8. Any continuing assessment of that bank may be restricted to verification that it remains authorised in the United Kingdom8.
CASS 5.5.47RRP
Subject to CASS 5.5.41 R, a firm that holds or intends to hold client money with a bank which is in the same group as the firm must:(1) undertake a continuous review in relation to that bank which is at least as rigorous as the review of any bank which is not in the same group, in order to ensure that the decision to use a group bank is appropriate for the client;(2) disclose in writing to its client at the outset of the client relationship (whether by way of a client agreement,4terms of
CASS 5.5.48RRP
If a client has notified a firm in writing that he does not wish his money to be held with a bank in the same group as the firm, the firm must either:(1) place that client money in a client bank account with another bank in accordance with CASS 5.5.38 R; or(2) return that client money to, or pay it to the order of, the client.
CASS 5.5.49RRP
When a firm opens a client bank account, the firm must give or have given written notice to the bank requesting the bank to acknowledge to it in writing:(1) that all money standing to the credit of the account is held by the firm as trustee (or if relevant in Scotland, as agent) and that the bank is not entitled to combine the account with any other account or to exercise any right of set-off or counterclaim against money in that account in respect of any sum owed to it on any
CASS 5.5.50RRP
In the case of a client bank account in the United Kingdom, if the bank does not provide the acknowledgement referred to in CASS 5.5.49 R within 20 business days after the firm dispatched the notice, the firm must withdraw all money standing to the credit of the account and deposit it in a client bank account with another bank as soon as possible.
CASS 5.5.52GRP
Firms are reminded of the provisions of CASS 5.5.41 R (4), which sets out the notification and consents required when using a bank that is not an approved bank.
CASS 5.5.53RRP
A firm must not hold, for a consumer5, client money in a client bank account outside the United Kingdom, unless the firm has previously disclosed to the consumer5 (whether in its terms of business, client agreement11 or otherwise in writing):5511(1) that his money may be deposited in a client bank account outside the United Kingdom but that the client may notify the firm that he does not wish his money to be held in a particular jurisdiction;(2) that in such circumstances, the
CASS 5.5.55GRP
Firms are reminded of the provisions of CASS 5.5.41 R (4), which sets out the notification and consents required when using a bank that is not an approved bank.
CASS 5.5.57GRP
Firms are reminded of the provisions of CASS 5.5.41 R (4), which sets out the notification and consents required when using a bank that is not an approved bank.
CASS 5.5.61RRP
On the failure of a third party with which client money is held, a firm must notify the FCA:(1) as soon as it becomes aware, of the failure of any bank, other broker or settlement agent or other entity with which it has placed, or to which it has passed, client money; and(2) as soon as reasonably practical, whether it intends to make good any shortfall that has arisen or may arise and of the amounts involved.
CASS 5.5.63RRP
(1) A firm must, as often as is necessary to ensure the accuracy of its records and at least at intervals of not more than 25 business days:2(a) check whether its client money resource, as determined by CASS 5.5.65 R on the previous business day, was at least equal to the client money requirement, as determined by CASS 5.5.66 R or CASS 5.5.68 R, as at the close of business on that day; and2(b) ensure that:2(i) any shortfall is paid into a client bank account by the close of business
CASS 5.5.65RRP
The client money resource, for the purposes of CASS 5.5.63 R (1)(a),2 is:(1) the aggregate of the balances on the firm's client money bank accounts, as at the close of business on the previous business day and, if held in accordance with CASS 5.4, designated investments (valued on a prudent and consistent basis) together with client money held by a third party in accordance with CASS 5.5.34 R; and(2) (but only if the firm is comparing the client money resource with its client's
CASS 5.5.82RRP
When a firm draws a cheque or other payable order to discharge its fiduciary duty under CASS 5.5.80 R, it must continue to treat the sum concerned as client money until the cheque or order is presented and paid by the bank.
CASS 5.6.15RRP
CASS 5.6.20 R to CASS 5.6.31 R do not apply if, on the failure of the third party, the firm repays to its clients or pays into a client bank account, at an unaffected bank, an amount equal to the amount of client money which would have been held if a shortfall had not occurred at that third party.
CASS 5.6.17GRP
To comply with its duties, the firm should show proper care:(1) in the selection of a third party; and(2) when monitoring the performance of the third party.In the case of client money transferred to a bank, by demonstrating compliance with CASS 5.5.43 R, a firm should be able to demonstrate that it has taken reasonable steps to comply with its duties.
CASS 5.6.18GRP
When a bank fails and the firm decides not to make good the shortfall in the amount of client money held at that bank, a secondary pooling event will occur in accordance with CASS 5.6.20 R. The firm would be expected to reflect the shortfall that arises at the firm's bank in the periodic client money calculation by reducing the client money resource and client money requirement accordingly.
CASS 5.6.19GRP
The client money (insurance) distribution rules seek to ensure that clients who have previously specified that they are not willing to accept the risk of the bank that has fails, and who therefore requested that their client money be placed in a designated client bank account as a different bank, should not suffer the loss of the bank that has failed.
CASS 5.6.20RRP
If a secondary pooling event occurs as a result of the failure of a bank where one or more general client bank accounts are held, then:(1) in relation to every general client bank account of the firm, the provisions of CASS 5.6.22 R and CASS 5.6.26 R to CASS 5.6.28 G will apply;(2) in relation to every designated client bank account held by the firm with the failed bank, the provisions of CASS 5.6.24 R and CASS 5.6.26 R to CASS 5.6.28 G will apply; and(3) any money held at a
CASS 5.6.21RRP
If a secondary pooling event occurs as a result of the failure of a bank where one or more designated client bank accounts are held then in relation to every designated client bank account held by the firm with the failed bank, the provisions of CASS 5.6.24 R and CASS 5.6.26 R to CASS 5.6.28 G will apply.
CASS 5.6.22RRP
Money held in each general client bank account of the firm must be treated as pooled and:(1) any shortfall in client money held, or which should have been held, in general client bank accounts, that has arisen as a result of the failure of the bank, must be borne by all the clients whose client money is held in a general client bank account of the firm, rateably in accordance with their entitlements;(2) a new client money entitlement must be calculated for each client by the firm,
CASS 5.6.23GRP
The term 'which should have been held' is a reference to the failed bank's failure (and elsewhere, as appropriate, is a reference to the other failed third party's failure) to hold the client money at the time of the pooling event.
CASS 5.6.24RRP
For each client with a designated client bank account held at the failed bank:(1) any shortfall in client money held, or which should have been held, in designated client bank accounts that has arisen as a result of the failure, must be borne by all the clients whose client money is held in a designated client bank account of the firm at the failed bank, rateably in accordance with their entitlements;(2) a new client money entitlement must be calculated for each of the relevant
CASS 5.6.25RRP
A client whose money was held, or which should have been held, in a designated client bank account with a bank that has failed is not entitled to claim in respect of that money against any other client bank account or client transaction account of the firm.
CASS 5.6.26RRP
Client money received by the firm after the failure of a bank, that would otherwise have been paid into a client bank account at that bank:(1) must not be transferred to the failed bank unless specifically instructed by the client in order to settle an obligation of that client to the failed bank; and(2) must be, subject to (1), placed in a separate client bank account that has been opened after the secondary pooling event and either:(a) on the written instruction of the client, transferred
CASS 5.6.27RRP
If a firm receives a mixed remittance after the secondary pooling event which consists of client money that would have been paid into a general client bank account, a designated client bank account or a designated client fund account maintained at the bank that has failed, it must:(1) pay the full sum into a client bank account other than one operated at the bank that has failed; and(2) pay the money that is not client money out of that client bank account within one business day
GENPRU 2.2.202RRP
GENPRU 2.2.202 R to GENPRU 2.2.207 R only apply to a bank or building society.
GENPRU 2.2.203RRP
A qualifying holding is a direct or indirect holding of a bank or building society in a non-financial undertaking which represents 10% or more of the capital or of the voting rights or which makes it possible to exercise a significant influence over the management of that undertaking.
GENPRU 2.2.205RRP
The amount of qualifying holdings that a bank or building society must deduct in the calculation in the capital resources table is:(1) (if the firm has one or more qualifying holdings that exceeds 15% of its relevant capital resources) the sum of such excesses; and(2) to the extent not already deducted in (1), the amount by which the sum of each of that firm'squalifying holdings exceeds 60% of its relevant capital resources.
GENPRU 2.2.209RRP
(1) Subject to (2) and (3), a material holding is:11(a) a BIPRU firm's holdings of shares and any other interest in the capital of an individual credit institution or financial institution (held in the non-trading book or the trading book or both) exceeding 10% of the share capital of the issuer, and, where this is the case, any holdings of subordinated debt of the same issuer are also included as a material holding; the full amount of the holding is a material holding; or11(b)
(1) 3This paragraph gives guidance as to the amount to be deducted at Part 2 of stage M (Deductions from the totals of tier one and two) of GENPRU 2 Annex 2 (Capital resources table for a bank) and GENPRU 2 Annex 3 (Capital resources table for a building society) in respect of investments in subsidiary undertakings and participations (excluding any amount which is already deducted as material holdings or qualifying holdings).(2) The effect of those rules is to achieve the deduction
GENPRU 2.2.223RRP
A bank must not deduct any item as connected lending of a capital nature to the extent that it falls to be deducted at Part 1 of stage M of the calculation in the capital resources table (Deductions for material holdings, qualifying holdings and certain other items) or as a reciprocal cross-holding.
GENPRU 2.2.224RRP
For the purpose of the rules in this section about connected lending of a capital nature and in relation to a bank, a connected party means another person ("P") who fulfils at least one of the following conditions and is not solo-consolidated with the bank under BIPRU 2.1 (Solo consolidation):(1) P is closely related to the bank; or(2) P is an associate of the bank; or(3) the same persons significantly influence the governing body of P and the bank.
GENPRU 2.2.225RRP
For the purpose of GENPRU 2.2.224 R, in relation to a person ("P") to which a bank has an exposure when P is acting on his own behalf and also an exposure to P when P acts in his capacity as a trustee, custodian or general partner of an investment trust, unit trust, venture capital or other investment fund, pension fund or similar fund (a "fund") the bank may choose to treat this latter exposure as an exposure to the fund, unless such treatment would be misleading.
GENPRU 2.2.227RRP
A loan is connected lending of a capital nature if:(1) it is made by the bank to a connected party; and(2) it falls into GENPRU 2.2.228 R.
GENPRU 2.2.228RRP
A loan falls into this rule for the purposes of GENPRU 2.2.227R (2) if, whether through contractual, structural, reputational or other factors:(1) based on the terms of the loan and the other knowledge available to the bank, the borrower would be able to consider it from the point of view of its characteristics as capital as being similar to share capital or subordinated debt; or(2) the position of the lender from the point of view of maturity and repayment is inferior to that
GENPRU 2.2.229RRP
A loan is also connected lending of a capital nature if:(1) it funds directly or indirectly a loan to a connected party of the bank falling into GENPRU 2.2.228 R1 or an investment in the capital of a connected party of the bank; and(2) it falls into GENPRU 2.2.228 R.
GENPRU 2.2.230GRP
It is likely that a loan is not connected lending of a capital nature if:(1) it is secured by collateral that is eligible for the purposes of credit risk mitigation under the standardised approach to credit risk as set out in BIPRU 5.4 (Financial collateral) and BIPRU 5.5 (Other funded credit risk mitigation); or(2) it is repayable on demand (and should be treated as such for accounting purposes by the borrower and lender) and the bank can demonstrate that there are no potential
GENPRU 2.2.231RRP
A guarantee is connected lending of a capital nature if it is a guarantee by the bank of a loan from a third party to a connected party of the bank and:(1) the loan meets the requirements of GENPRU 2.2.228 R; or(2) the rights that the bank would have against the borrower with respect to the guarantee meet the requirements of GENPRU 2.2.228R (2).
GENPRU 2.2.232RRP
A guarantee is also connected lending of a capital nature if it is a guarantee by the bank of a loan falling into GENPRU 2.2.229R (1); and(1) the loan meets the conditions in GENPRU 2.2.228 R; or(2) the guarantee meets the conditions in GENPRU 2.2.231R (2).
GENPRU 2.2.234GRP
A loan may initially fall outside the definition of connected lending of a capital nature but later fall into it. For example, if the initial lending to a connected party is subsequently downstreamed to another connected party the relationship between the bank and the ultimate borrower may be such that, looking at the arrangements as a whole, the undertaking to which the bank lends is able to regard the loan to it as being capable of absorbing losses.
GENPRU 2.2.263RRP
GENPRU 2.2.263 R to GENPRU 2.2.265 R only apply to a bank or building society.
GENPRU 2.2.264RRP
(1) The excess trading book position is the excess of:(a) a bank or building society's aggregate net long (including notional) trading bookpositions in shares, subordinated debt or any other interest in the capital of credit institutions or financial institutions;over;(b) 25% of that firm'scapital resources calculated at stage T (Total capital after deductions) of the capital resources table (calculated before deduction of the excess trading book position).(2) Only the excess
CASS 7A.3.2RRP
CASS 7A.3.6 R to CASS 7A.3.12AR3 do not apply if, on the failure of the relevant person:3(1) there is no secondary pooling shortfall; or3(2) where there is a secondary pooling shortfall, the firm pays an amount equal to the amount of client money which would have been held at that person if a secondary pooling shortfall had not occurred either:3(a) to its clients in the appropriate amounts such that they are compensated by the amount of the secondary pooling shortfall that they
CASS 7A.3.5GRP
The client money distribution and transfer rules3 seek to ensure that clients who have previously specified that they are not willing to accept the risk of the bank that has failed, and who therefore requested that their client money be placed in a designated client bank account at a different bank, should not suffer the loss of the bank that has failed.
CASS 7A.3.6RRP
If a secondary pooling event occurs as a result of the failure of a bank where one or more general client bank accounts are held, and/or where one or more designated client bank accounts or designated client fund accounts are held,3 for the general pool or a3 particular sub-pool2, then:(1) in relation to every general client bank account of the firm maintained in respect of that pool2, the provisions of CASS 7A.3.8 R, CASS 7A.3.13 R and CASS 7A.3.14 R will apply;(2) in relation
CASS 7A.3.8RRP
Money Subject to CASS 7A.3.8AR, if a secondary pooling event occurs as a result of the failure of a bank, intermediate broker, settlement agent, OTC counterparty, exchange or clearing house, money3 held in each general client bank account and client transaction account of the firm for the general pool or a sub-pool2must be treated as pooled and:(1) any secondary pooling shortfall3 in client money held, or which should have been held, in general client bank accounts and client
CASS 7A.3.10RRP
For each client with a designated client bank account maintained by the firm for the general pool or a particular sub-pool and2 held at the failed bank:(1) any secondary pooling shortfall3 in client money held, or which should have been held, in designated client bank accounts that has arisen as a result of the failure, must be borne by all the clients of the relevant pool2 whose client money is held in a designated client bank account of the firm at the failed bank, rateably
CASS 7A.3.11RRP
Money held by the firm2 in each designated client fund account for the general pool or a particular sub-pool with the failedbank must be treated as pooled with any other designated client fund accounts for the general pool or a particular sub-pool as the case may be2 which contain part of the same designated fund and:2(1) any secondary pooling shortfall3 in client money held, or which should have been held, in designated client fund accounts that has arisen as a result of the
CASS 7A.3.12RRP
A client whose money was held, or which should have been held, in a designated client bank account with a bank that has failed is not entitled to claim in respect of that money against any other client bank account or client transaction account of the firm.
CASS 7A.3.12ARRP
3A client whose money was held, or which should have been held, in a designated client fund account with a bank that has failed is not entitled to claim in respect of that money against any other client bank account of the firm that is not part of the same designated fund or against any client transaction account of the firm.
CASS 7A.3.13RRP
Client money received by the firm after the failure of a bank, exchange, clearing house, intermediate broker, settlement agent or OTC counterparty,3 that would otherwise have been paid into a client bank account or client transaction account at that bank, exchange, clearing house, intermediate broker, settlement agent or OTC counterparty, as the case may be3, for either the general pool or a particular sub-pool2:(1) must not be transferred to the failedperson3 unless specifically
CASS 7A.3.14RRP
If a firm receives a mixed remittance after the secondary pooling event which consists of client money that would have been paid into a general client bank account, a designated client bank account or a designated client fund account maintained at the bank that has failed, it must:(1) pay the full sum into a client bank account other than one operated at the bank that has failed; and(2) pay the money that is not client money out of that client bank account within one business
CASS 7A.3.19RRP
A3firm must notify the FCA as soon as reasonably practical after it becomes aware of the failure of any bank, exchange, clearing house, intermediate broker, settlement agent, OTC counterparty or other entity with which it has placed, or whom it has allowed to hold, client money3:(1) [deleted]3(2) [deleted]3(3) whether it intends to make good any secondary pooling shortfall that has arisen or may arise; and3(4) the amount of that secondary pooling shortfall, or the expected amount
CASS 11.7.2RRP
Before a CASS large debt management firm opens a client bank account and as often as is appropriate on a continuing basis (such frequency being no less than once in each financial year) it must take reasonable steps to establish that it is appropriate for the firm to hold client money at the approved bank concerned.
CASS 11.7.3RRP
A CASS large debt management firm must consider the risks associated with holding all client money with one approved bank and should consider whether it would be appropriate to hold client money in client bank accounts at a number of different approved banks.
CASS 11.7.4GRP
In complying with CASS 11.7.3 R a CASS large debt management firm should consider as appropriate, together with any other relevant matters:(1) the amount of client money held by the firm;(2) the amount of client money the firm anticipates holding at the approved bank; and(3) the credit worthiness of the approved bank.
CASS 11.7.5GRP
A CASS small debt management firm can demonstrate compliance with CASS 11.7.1 G by checking that the person it proposes to hold client money with is an approved bank and that nothing has come to the firm's attention to cause it to believe that such person is not an appropriate place at which to hold client money.
CASS 11.7.6RRP
A CASS large debt management firm must make a record of the grounds upon which it satisfies itself as to the appropriateness of its selection of an approved bank. The firm must make the record on the date it makes the selection and must keep it from the date of such selection until five years after the firm ceases to use the approved bank to hold client money.
CASS 11.8.1GRP
The main purposes of a client bank account acknowledgement letter are:(1) to put the approved bank on notice of a firm'sclients' interests in client money that has been deposited with such person;(2) to ensure that the client bank account has been opened in accordance with CASS 11.9.3 R, and is distinguished from any account containing money that belongs to the firm; and(3) to ensure that the approved bank understands and agrees that it will not have any recourse or right against
CASS 11.8.2RRP
(1) For each client bank account, a CASS debt management firm must, in accordance with CASS 11.8.4 R, complete and sign a client bank account acknowledgement letter clearly identifying the client bank account, and send it to the approved bank with whom the client bank account is, or will be, opened, requesting the bank to acknowledge and agree to the terms of the letter by countersigning it and returning it to the firm.(2) Subject to CASS 11.8.6 R, a CASS debt management firm
CASS 11.8.6RRP
(1) If, on countersigning and returning the client bank account acknowledgement letter to a firm, the relevant approved bank has also:(a) made amendments to any of the acknowledgement letter fixed text; or(b) made amendments to any of the acknowledgement letter variable text in a way that would alter or otherwise change the meaning of the acknowledgement letter fixed text;the client bank account acknowledgement letter will have been inappropriately redrafted for the purposes of
CASS 11.8.7RRP
A CASS debt management firm must use reasonable endeavours to ensure that any individual that has countersigned a client bank account acknowledgement letter that has been returned to the firm was authorised to countersign the letter on behalf of the relevant approved bank.
CASS 11.8.9RRP
A CASS debt management firm must also retain any other documentation or evidence it believes is necessary to demonstrate that it has complied with each of the applicable requirements in this section (such as any evidence it has obtained to ensure that the individual that has countersigned a client bank account acknowledgement letter1 that has been returned to the firm was authorised to countersign the letter on behalf of the relevant approved bank).
CASS 11.8.11RRP
Whenever a CASS debt management firm finds a countersigned client bank account acknowledgement letter to contain an inaccuracy, the firm must promptly draw up a new replacement client bank account acknowledgement letter under CASS 11.8.2 R and ensure that the new client bank account acknowledgement letter is duly countersigned and returned by the relevant approved bank.
CASS 11.8.13RRP
If a CASS debt management firm'sclient bank account is transferred to another approved bank, the firm must promptly draw up a new client bank account acknowledgement letter under CASS 11.8.2 R and ensure that the new client bank account acknowledgement letter is duly countersigned and returned by the relevant approved bank within 20 business days of the firm sending it to that person.
SYSC 7.1.-2GRP

19For a common platform firm:

  1. (1)

    the MiFID Org Regulation applies, as summarised in SYSC 1 Annex 1 3.2G, SYSC 1 Annex 1 3.2-AR and SYSC 1 Annex 1 3.2-BR; and

  2. (2)

    the rules and guidance apply as set out in the table below:

    Subject

    Applicable rule or guidance

    Risk assessment

    SYSC 7.1.1G

    Risk management

    SYSC 7.1.4R, SYSC 7.1.4AG

    Risk control: remuneration

    SYSC 7.1.7BG, SYSC 7.1.7BBG

    Risk control: additional provisions

    SYSC 7.1.7CG, SYSC 7.1.8G, SYSC 7.1.9R to SYSC 7.1.16R

    Additional rules for CCR firms

    SYSC 7.1.16CR to SYSC 7.1.22R

SYSC 7.1.16CRRP
15In SYSC 7.1.18 R a 'CRR firm' that is significant’ means a significantIFPRUfirm.
SYSC 7.1.17RRP
(1) 13The management body of a CRR firm has overall responsibility for risk management. It must devote sufficient time to the consideration of risk issues.(2) The management body of a CRR firm must be actively involved in and ensure that adequate resources are allocated to the management of all material risks addressed in the rules implementing the CRD and in the UK CRR22 as well as in the valuation of assets, the use of external ratings and internal models related to those risks.
SYSC 7.1.18RRP
(1) 13A CRR firm that is significant must establish a risk committee composed of members of the management body who do not perform any executive function in the firm. Members of the risk committee must have appropriate knowledge, skills and expertise to fully understand and monitor the risk strategy and the risk appetite of the firm.(2) The risk committee must advise the management body on the institution’s overall current and future risk appetite and assist the management body
SYSC 7.1.18AAGRP
15A CRR firm which is not a significant IFPRU firm may combine the risk committee with the audit committee.[Note: article 76(3) of CRD]
SYSC 7.1.19RRP
(1) 13A CRR firm must ensure that the management body in its supervisory function and, where a risk committee has been established, the risk committee have adequate access to information on the risk profile of the firm and, if necessary and appropriate, to the risk management function and to external expert advice.(2) The management body in its supervisory function and, where one has been established, the risk committee must determine the nature, the amount, the format, and the
SYSC 7.1.21RRP
(1) 13A CRR firm's risk management function (article 23 of the MiFID Org Regulation19) must be independent from the operational functions and have sufficient authority, stature, resources and access to the management body.(2) The risk management function must ensure that all material risks are identified, measured and properly reported. It must be actively involved in elaborating the firm's risk strategy and in all material risk management decisions and it must be able to deliver
SYSC 7.1.22RRP
13The head of the risk management function must be an independent senior manager with distinct responsibility for the risk management function. Where the nature, scale and complexity of the activities of the CRR firm do not justify a specially appointed person, another senior person within the firm may fulfil that function, provided there is no conflict of interest. The head of the risk management function must not be removed without prior approval of the management body and must
CASS 7.13.3RRP
A firm, on receiving any client money, must promptly place this money into one or more accounts opened with any of the following: (1) a central bank;(2) a CRD credit institution;(3) a bank authorised in a third country6; (4) a qualifying money market fund.[Note: article 4(1) of the MiFID Delegated Directive6]
CASS 7.13.8RRP
(1) A firm that does not deposit client money with a central bank must exercise all due skill, care and diligence in the selection, appointment and periodic review of the CRD credit institution, bank or qualifying money market fund where the money is deposited and the arrangements for the holding of this money. 6(2) The firm must consider the need for diversification as part of its due diligence under (1).6[Note: article 4(2) first sub-paragraph of the MiFID Delegated Directi
CASS 7.13.9GRP
Firms should ensure that their consideration of a CRD credit institution, bank or qualifying money market fund under CASS 7.13.8 R focuses on the specific legal entity in question and not simply that person's group as a whole.
CASS 7.13.10RRP
When a firm makes the selection, appointment and conducts the periodic review of a CRD credit institution, a bank or a qualifying money market fund, it must take into account:(1) the expertise and market reputation of the third party with a view to ensuring the protection of clients’ rights6; and(2) any legal or regulatory6 requirements or market practices related to the holding of client money that could adversely affect clients' rights. [Note: article 4(2) second sub-paragraph
CASS 7.13.11GRP
In complying with CASS 7.13.8 R and CASS 7.13.10 R, a firm should consider, as appropriate, together with any other relevant matters:(1) the capital of the CRD credit institution or bank;(2) the amount of client money placed, as a proportion of the CRD credit institution or bank's capital and deposits, and, in the case of a qualifying money market fund, compared to any limit the fund may place on the volume of redemptions in any period;(3) the extent to which client money that
CASS 7.13.12RRP
A firm must take the necessary steps to ensure that client money deposited, in accordance with CASS 7.13.3 R, in a central bank, a credit institution, a bank authorised in a third country6 or a qualifying money market fund is held in an account or accounts identified separately from any accounts used to hold money belonging to the firm.[Note: article 2(1)(e) of the MiFID Delegated Directive6]
CASS 7.13.13RRP
(1) An account which the firm uses to deposit client money under CASS 7.13.3 R (1) to CASS 7.13.3 R (3) must be a client bank account.(2) In respect of each8client bank account used by a firm to satisfy its obligation under CASS 7.13.3R(1) to (3)8:(a) the relevant bank's contractual counterparty must be the firm itself8; and(b) ) subject to paragraph (3A),8 the firm must be8 able to make withdrawals of client money promptly and, in any event, within one business day of a request
CASS 7.13.21RRP
For the purpose of CASS 7.13.20 R an entity is a relevant group entity if it is:(1) (a) a CRD credit institution; or 6(b) a bank authorised in a third country; or6(c) a qualifying money market fund; or6(d) the entity operating or managing the qualifying money market fund; and6(2) a member of the same group as that firm. [Note: article 4(3) first sub-paragraph of the MiFID Delegated Directive]6
CASS 7.13.25RRP
(1) A firm must make a record of the grounds upon which it satisfies itself as to the appropriateness of its selection and appointment of a bank or a qualifying money market fund under CASS 7.13.8 R. The firm must make the record on the date it makes the selection or appointment and must keep it from that date until five years after the firm ceases to use that particular person for the purposes of depositing client money under CASS 7.13.3 R.(2) A firm must make a record of each
CASS 7.13.38GRP
If a firm is unable to identify money that it has received as either client money or its own money under CASS 7.13.37 R, it should consider whether it would be appropriate to return the money to the person who sent it or to the source from where it was received (3for example, the banking institution).
CASS 11.13.2GRP
The debt management client money distribution rules seek, in the event of the failure of a CASS debt management firm or of an approved bank at which the CASS debt management firm holds client money, to protect client money and to facilitate the timely payment of sums to creditors or the timely return of client money to clients.
CASS 11.13.10RRP
A secondary pooling event occurs on the failure of an approved bank at which a CASS debt management firm holds client money in a client bank account.
CASS 11.13.11RRP
(1) Subject to (2), if a secondary pooling event occurs as a result of the failure of an approved bank where one or more client bank accounts are held then in relation to every client bank account of the firm, the provisions of CASS 11.13.12 R (1), CASS 11.13.12 R (2) and CASS 11.13.12 R (3) will apply.(2) CASS 11.13.12 R does not apply if, on the failure of the approved bank, the CASS debt management firm pays to its clients, or pays into a client bank account at an unaffected
CASS 11.13.12RRP
Money held in each client bank account of the firm must be treated as pooled and:(1) any shortfall in client money held, or which should have been held, in client bank accounts, that has arisen as a result of the failure of the approved bank, must be borne by all clients whose client money is held in a client bank account of the firm, rateably in accordance with their entitlements to the pool;(2) a new client money entitlement must be calculated for each client by the firm, to
CASS 11.13.13RRP
The term 'which should have been held' is a reference to the failed approved bank's failure to hold the client money at the time of the pooling event.
SUP 16.23.2RRP

Unless a firm is listed in the table below, this section does not apply to it where both of the following conditions are satisfied:

  1. (1)

    the firm has reported total revenue of less than £5 million as at its last accounting reference date; and

  2. (2)

    the firm only has permission to carry on one or more of the following activities:

    1. (a)

      advising on investments;

    2. (b)

      dealing in investments as agent;

    3. (c)

      dealing in investments as principal;

    4. (d)

      arranging (bringing about deals) in investments;

    5. (e)

      making arrangements with a view to transactions in investments;

    6. (f)

      assisting in the administration and performance of a contract of insurance in relation to non-investment insurance contracts;

    7. (g)

      agreeing to carry on a regulated activity;

    8. (h)

      advising on pension transfers and pension opt-outs;

    9. (i)

      credit-related regulated activity;

    10. (j)

      home finance mediation activity;

    11. (k)

      managing investments;

    12. (l)

      establishing, operating or winding up a collective investment scheme;

    13. (m)

      establishing, operating or winding up a personal pension scheme;

    14. (n)

      establishing, operating or winding up a stakeholder pension scheme;

    15. (o)

      managing a UK UCITS3;

    16. (p)

      managing an AIF;

    17. (q)

      safeguarding and administering investments;

    18. (r)

      acting as trustee or depositary of a UK UCITS3;

    19. (s)

      acting as trustee or depositary of an AIF; and/or

    20. (t)

      operating a multilateral trading facility.

Table: Firms to which the exclusion in SUP 16.23.2R does not apply

a UK bank;

a building society;

2

a non-UK bank;2

a mortgage lender;

a mortgage administrator; or

a firm offering life and annuity insurance products.

SUP 16.23.7RRP
A firm must submit the Annual Financial Crime Report within 60 business days of the firm’saccounting reference date.
CASS 11.11.2GRP
In accordance with CASS 11.11.1 R, a CASS debt management firm must maintain internal records and accounts of the client money it holds (for example, a cash book). These internal records are separate to any external records it has obtained from approved banks with whom it has deposited client money (for example, bank statements).
CASS 11.11.9RRP
In carrying out the checks required by CASS 11.11.8 R a CASS small debt management firm must use the values contained in its internal records and ledgers (for example, its cash book or other internal accounting records), rather than the values contained in the records it has obtained from approved banks with whom it has deposited client money (for example, bank statements).
CASS 11.11.15RRP
In carrying out a CASS large debt management firm internal client money reconciliation, a CASS large debt management firm must use the values contained in its internal records and ledgers (for example, its cash book or other internal accounting records), rather than the values contained in the records it has obtained from approved banks with whom it has deposited client money (for example, bank statements).
CASS 11.11.25RRP
A CASS large debt management firm should perform a CASS large debt management firm external client money reconciliation:(1) as regularly as is necessary; and(2) no less frequently than the CASS large debt management firm internal client money reconciliations; and(3) as soon as reasonably practicable after the date to which the reconciliation relates;to ensure the accuracy of its internal accounts and records against those of approved banks with whom client money is deposited.
CASS 11.11.26RRP
A CASS large debt management firm external client money reconciliation requires a CASS large debt management firm to conduct a reconciliation between its internal accounts and records and those of any approved banks by whom client money is held.
CASS 7.10.16RRP
In relation to the application of the client money rules (and any other rule in so far as it relates to matters covered by the client money rules) to the firms referred to in (1) and (2), the following is not client money:(1) any deposits within the meaning of the CRD held by a CRD credit institution; and[Note: article 16(9)7 of MiFID and article 4(1)7 of the MiFID Delegated Directive7](2) any money held by an approved bank that is not a CRD credit institution in an account with
CASS 7.10.18GRP
The effect of CASS 7.10.16 R is that, unless notified otherwise in accordance with CASS 7.10.20 R or CASS 7.10.22 R, clients of CRD credit institutions or approved banks that are not CRD credit institutions should expect that where they pass money to such firms in connection with designated investment business these sums will not be held as client money.
CASS 7.10.20RRP
A firm holding money in either of the ways described in CASS 7.10.16 R in respect of a client and providing the services to it referred to in CASS 7.10.19 R must:(1) explain to its clients the circumstances, if any, under which it will cease to hold any money in respect of those services as banker and will hold the money as trustee in accordance with the client money rules; and(2) set out the circumstances in (1), if any, in its terms of business so that they form part of its
CASS 7.10.22RRP
If a CRD credit institution or an approved bank that is not a CRD credit institution wishes to hold client money for a client (rather than hold the money in either of the ways described in CASS 7.10.16 R) it must, before providing designated investment business services to the client, disclose the following information to the client:(1) that the money held for that client in the course of or in connection with the business described under (2) is being held by the firm as client
CASS 7.10.24RRP
A CRD credit institution or an approved bank that is not a CRD credit institution must, in respect of any client money held in relation to its designated investment business that is not MiFID business, comply with the obligations referred to in COBS 6.1.16 R (Compensation information).
CASS 11.9.1RRP
A CASS debt management firm must take all reasonable steps to ensure that all client money it receives is paid directly into a client bank account at an approved bank, rather than being first received into the firm's own account and then segregated.
CASS 11.9.3RRP
A CASS debt management firm must ensure that client money is held in a client bank account at one or more approved banks.
CASS 11.9.9GRP
If a CASS debt management firm is unable to identify money that it has received as either client money or its own money under CASS 11.9.8 R (1), it should consider whether it would be appropriate to return the money to the person who sent it (or, if that is not possible, to the source from where it was received, for example, the bank). A firm should have regard to its fiduciary duties when considering such matters.
SUP 6.2.8GRP
Discussions with the appropriate regulator8 are particularly relevant where the firm has to discharge obligations to its customers or policyholders before it can cease carrying on a regulated activity. This may be the case, for example, where the firm is an insurer, a bank a dormant account fund operator,4 or, as is often the case, holding client money or customer assets.8
SUP 6.2.9GRP
If an insurer,4 a bank, or a dormant account fund operator4 wishes to cease carrying on all regulated activities for which it has Part 4A permission,8 it will usually be necessary to wind down the business over a long term period which is normally more than six months. This may also be the case for a firm holding client money or customer assets. In these circumstances, it will usually be appropriate for the firm to apply for variation of its Part 4A permission and/or imposition
SUP 6.2.11GRP
(1) Specific guidance on the additional procedures for a firm winding down (running off) its business in the circumstances discussed in SUP 6.2.8 G is in SUP 6 Annex 4.(2) The guidance in SUP 6 Annex 4 applies to any firm that is applying for variation of Part 4A permission or for the imposition, variation or cancellation of a requirement before it applies for cancellation of Part 4A permission8 to enable it to wind down (run off) its business over a long term period of six months
SUP 16.7A.3RRP

A firm in the RAG in column (1) and which is a type of firm in column (2) must submit its annual report and accounts to the FCA annually on a single entity basis.

(1)

(2)

RAG

Firm type

1

UK bank

Dormant account fund operator

A non-UK bank5.

2.2

The Society

3

IFPRU investment firms

BIPRU firms

Exempt CAD firms subject to IPRU (INV) Chapter 13

All other firms subject to the following chapters in IPRU(INV):

(1)

Chapter 3

(2)

Chapter 5

(3)

Chapter 9

4

IFPRU investment firms

BIPRU firms

Exempt CAD firms subject to IPRU (INV) Chapter 13

Collective portfolio management firm

All other firms subject to the following chapters in IPRU(INV):

(1)

Chapter 3

(2)

Chapter 5

(3)

Chapter 9

(5)

Chapter 12

5

All firms

6

All firms other than firms subject to IPRU (INV) Chapter 13 that are not exempt CAD firms3

7

IFPRU investment firms

BIPRU firms

Exempt CAD firms subject to IPRU (INV) Chapter 13

8

All firms other than firms subject to IPRU (INV) Chapter 13 that are not exempt CAD firms3

SUP 16.7A.5RRP

A firm in the RAG group in column (1), which is a type of firm in column (2) and whose ultimate parent is a mixed activity holding company must:

  1. (1)

    submit the annual report and accounts of the mixed activity holding company to the FCA annually; and

  2. (2)

    notify the FCA that it is covered by this reporting requirement by email using the email address specified in SUP 16.3.10 G (3), by its accounting reference date.

    (1)

    (2)

    RAG

    Firm type

    1

    UK bank

    3

    IFPRU investment firm

    BIPRU firm

    4

    IFPRU investment firm

    BIPRU firm

    7

    IFPRU investment firm

    BIPRU firm

SUP 16.7A.8RRP
Firms must submit their annual report and accounts in accordance with SUP 16.7A.3 R within the following deadlines:(1) for a non-UK bank5, within 7 months of the accounting reference date;(2) for the Society or a service company, within 6 months of the accounting reference date; and(3) for all other firms, within 80 business days2 of the accounting reference date.2
COLL 5.2.11RRP
(1) This rule does not apply in respect of a transferable security or an approved money-market instrument to which COLL 5.2.12R (Spread: government and public securities) applies21.(2) For the purposes of this rule companies included in the same group for the purposes of consolidated accounts as defined in accordance with section 399 of Companies Act 2006, Directive 2013/34/EU25 or, in the same group in accordance with international accounting standards, are regarded as a single
COLL 5.2.20RRP
(1) A transaction in a derivative must:(a) be in an approved derivative; or(b) be one which complies with COLL 5.2.23 R (OTC transactions in derivatives).(2) The underlying of a transaction in a derivative must consist of any one or more of the following to which the scheme is dedicated:(a) transferable securities permitted under COLL 5.2.8 R (3)(a) to (c) and COLL 5.2.8 R (3)(e)7;(b) approved money-market instruments7 permitted underCOLL 5.2.8 R (3)(a) to COLL 5.2.8 R (3)(d)7;77(c)
COLL 5.2.23RRP
A transaction in an OTC derivative under COLL 5.2.20 R (1) (b) or, for the purposes of (1) only, executed by or on behalf of a regulated money market fund,23 must be:(1) with an approved counterparty; a counterparty to a transaction in derivatives is approved only if the counterparty is:(a) an eligible institution or an approved bank; 26(b) a person whose permission (including any requirements or limitations), as published in the Financial Services Register, permits it to enter
COLL 5.2.26RRP
A UCITS scheme may invest in deposits only if it:(1) is with an approved bank;(2) is:(a) repayable on demand; or(b) has the right to be withdrawn; and(3) matures in no more than 12 months.
COLL 5.2.35GRP
(1) 15A syndicated loan for the purposes of this guidance means a form of loan where a group or syndicate of parties lend money to a third party and, in return, receive interest payments during the life of the debt and a return of principal either at the end of the loan period or amortised over the life of the loan. Such loans are usually arranged through agent banks which may, among other things, maintain a record of the lenders’ interest in the loan and arrange or act as a
EG 19.31.1RP
1The Small and Medium Sized Business (Credit Information) Regulations were made under the Small Business, Enterprise and Employment Act. The Small and Medium Sized Business (Credit Information) Regulations impose a duty on designated banks to provide information about their small and medium sized business customers (with the consent of those businesses) to designated credit reference agencies. The Treasury is the body that has the power to designate a bank or credit reference
EG 19.31.3RP
1Regulation 26 of the Small and Medium Sized Business (Credit Information) Regulations applies many of the provisions of the Act regarding the FCA’s investigation and information-gathering powers to designated banks and designated credit reference agencies. The effect is to apply the same procedures under the Act for appointing investigators and requiring information when investigating any breaches of the Small and Medium Sized Business (Credit Information) Regulations.
GENPRU 2.1.60RRP
(1) This rule applies to a bank that meets the following conditions:(a) on 31 December 2006 it had the benefit of IPRU(BANK) rule 3.3.12 (Reduced minimum capital requirement for a bank that is a credit institution which immediately before 1 January 1993 was authorised under the Banking Act 1987);(b) the relevant amount (as referred to in IPRU(BANK) rule 3.3.12) applicable to it was below €5 million as at 31 December 2006; and(c) on 1 January 2007 it did not comply with the base
GENPRU 2.1.61GRP
Where two or more banks merge, all of which individually have the benefit of GENPRU 2.1.60 R, the PRA may agree in certain circumstances that the base capital resources requirement for the bank resulting from the merger may be the sum of the aggregate capital resources of the merged banks, calculated at the time of the merger, provided this figure is less than €5 million.
GENPRU 2.1.62RRP
For the purpose of GENPRU 2.1.60 R:(1) an existing controller of a bank means:(a) a person who has been a parent undertaking of that bank since 31 December 2006 or earlier; or(b) a person who became a parent undertaking of that bank after 31 December 2006 but who, when he became a parent undertaking of that bank, was a subsidiary undertaking of an existing controller of that bank;(2) the relevant amount of capital as referred to in GENPRU 2.1.60R (2)(a) is adjusted by identifying
EG 19.33.1RP
1The Small and Medium Sized Business (Finance Platforms) Regulations were made under the Small Business, Enterprise and Employment Act. The Small and Medium Sized Business (Finance Platforms) Regulations require designated banks to provide specified information about rejected loan applications made by small and medium sized business customers (with their consent) to designated finance platforms which must then provide such information to finance providers on request. The Treasury
EG 19.33.3RP
Regulation 23 of the Small and Medium Sized Business (Finance Platforms) Regulations applies many of the provisions of the Act in relation to the FCA’s investigation and information-gathering powers in respect of designated banks and designated finance platforms. The effect of this is to apply the same procedures under the Act for appointing investigators and requiring information when investigating any breaches of the Small and Medium Sized Business (Finance Platforms) Regulations.
SUP 16.6.2GRP

Applicable provisions of this section (see SUP 16.6.1 G)

Category of firm

Applicable provisions

Bank

4

SUP 16.6.4 R - SUP 16.6.5 R

Depositary of an authorised fund10

5

SUP 16.6.6 R - SUP 16.6.11R

7

SUP 16.6.4RRP
A bank must submit compliance reports to the FCA.124981313