Related provisions for BIPRU 7.9.53
Table: Appropriate PRR calculation for an option or warrant
This table belongs to BIPRU 7.6.3R
Option type (see BIPRU 7.6.18R) or warrant |
PRR calculation |
American option, European option, Bermudan option, Asian option or warrant for which the in the money percentage (see BIPRU 7.6.6R) is equal to or greater than the appropriate position risk adjustment (see BIPRU 7.6.7R and BIPRU 7.6.8R) |
Calculate either an option PRR, or the most appropriate to the underlying position of:
|
American option, European option, Bermudan option, Asian option or warrant:
|
Calculate an option PRR |
All other types of option listed in BIPRU 7.6.18R (regardless of whether in the money, at the money or out of the money). |
Table: Option PRR: methods for different types of option
This table belongs to BIPRU 7.6.16R
Option |
Description |
Method |
American option |
An option that may be exercised at any time over an extended period up to its expiry date. |
Option standard method or option hedging method if appropriate |
European option |
An option that can only be exercised at expiry. |
|
Bermudan option |
A cross between an American option and European option. The Bermudan option can only be exercised at specific dates during its life. |
|
Asian option |
The buyer has the right to exercise at the average rate or price of the underlying over the period (or part of the period) of the option. One variant is where the payout is based on the average of the underlying against a fixed strike price; another variant is where the payout gives at expiry the price of the underlying against the average price over the option period. |
Option standard method or option hedging method if appropriate |
Barrier option |
An option which is either cancelled or activated if the price of the underlying reaches a pre-set level regardless of the price at which the underlying may be trading at the expiry of the option. The knock-out type is cancelled if the underlying price or rate trades through the trigger; while the knock-in becomes activated if the price moves through the trigger. |
|
Corridor option |
Provides the holder with a pay-out for each day that the underlying stays within a defined range chosen by the investor. |
|
Ladder option |
Provides the holder with guaranteed pay-outs if the underlying trades through a pre-agreed price(s) or rate(s) at a certain point(s) in time, regardless of future performance. |
|
Lock-in option |
An option where the pay-out to the holder is locked in at the maximum (or minimum) value of the underlying that occurred during the life of the option. |
|
Look-back option |
A European style option where the strike price is fixed in retrospect, that is at the most favourable price (i.e. the lowest (highest) price of the underlying in the case of a call (put)) during the life of the option. |
|
Forward starting option |
An option that starts at a future date. |
|
Compound option |
An option where the underlying is itself an option (i.e. an option on an option). |
Option standard method or option hedging method if appropriate |
Interest rate cap |
An interest rate option or series of options under which a counterparty contracts to pay any interest costs arising as a result of an increase in rates above an agreed rate: the effect being to provide protection to the holder against a rise above that agreed interest rate. |
Option standard method, but no reduction for the amount the option is out of the money is permitted |
Interest rate floor |
An interest rate option or series of options under which a counterparty contracts to pay any lost income arising as a result of a fall in rates below an agreed rate: the effect being to provide protection to the holder against a fall below that agreed interest rate. |
|
Performance option |
An option based on a reference basket comprising any number of assets, where the pay-out to the holder could be one of the following: the maximum of the worst performing asset, or 0; the maximum of the best performing asset, or 0; the maximum of the spreads between several pairs of the assets, or 0. |
Option standard method or option hedging method - using the highest position risk adjustment of the individual assets in the basket |
Quanto |
Quanto stands for "Quantity Adjusted Option". A quanto is an instrument where two currencies are involved. The payoff is dependent on a variable that is measured in one of the currencies and the payoff is made in the other currency. |
Subject to BIPRU 7.6.31R, the option standard method |
Cliquet option |
A cliquet option consists of a series of forward starting options where the strike price for the next exercise date is set equal to a positive constant times the underlying price as of the previous exercise date. It initially acts like a vanilla option with a fixed price but as time moves on, the strike is reset and the intrinsic value automatically locked in at pre-set dates. If the underlying price is below the previous level at the reset date no intrinsic value is locked in but the strike price will be reset to the current price attained by the underlying. If the underlying price exceeds the current level at the next reset the intrinsic value will again be locked in. |
Option standard method for a purchased cliquet, or the method specified in BIPRU 7.6.30R for a written cliquet |
Digital option |
A type of option where the pay-out to the holder is fixed. The most common types are all-or-nothing and one-touch options. All-or-nothing will pay out the fixed amount if the underlying is above (call) or below (put) a set value at expiry. The one-touch will pay the fixed amount if the underlying reaches a fixed point any time before expiry. |
The method specified in BIPRU 7.6.29 R |
The method specified for the type of instrument whose description it most closely resembles. |
Table: Appropriate treatment for equities, debt securities or currencies hedging options
This table belongs to BIPRU 7.6.24R
Hedge |
PRR calculation for the hedge |
Limits (if hedging method is used) |
Naked position |
The equity must be treated in either BIPRU 7.3 (equity PRR) or the option hedging method (see the table in BIPRU 7.6.27R) |
The option hedging method must only be used up to the amount of the hedge that matches the notional amount underlying the option or warrant |
To the extent that the amount of the hedge (or option or warrant) exceeds the notional amount underlying the option or warrant (or hedge), a firm must apply an equity PRR, interest rate PRR or foreign currencyPRR (or the option standard method) |
|
The debt security must be treated in BIPRU 7.2 (interest rate PRR) or the option hedging method (see the table in BIPRU 7.6.27R) |
As for the first row |
As for the first row |
|
Gold (hedging a gold option) |
The gold must be treated in either BIPRU 7.5 (Foreign currency PRR) or the option hedging method (see the table in BIPRU 7.6.27R) |
As for the first row |
As for the first row |
A currency or currencies (hedging a currency option) |
The currency must be treated in either BIPRU 7.5 (Foreign currency PRR) or the option hedging method (see the table in BIPRU 7.6.28R) |
As for the first row |
As for the first row |
Table: The hedging method of calculating the PRR (equities, debt securities and gold)
This table belongs to BIPRU 7.6.24R(1) - (3)
PRR |
||||
In the money by more than the position risk adjustment |
In the money by less than the position risk adjustment |
|||
Long in security or gold |
Long put |
Zero |
Wp |
X |
Short call |
Y |
Y |
Z |
|
Short in security or gold |
Long call |
Zero |
Wc |
X |
Short put |
Y |
Y |
Z |
|
Where: |
||||
Wp means |
{(position risk adjustment-100%) x The underlying position valued at strike price} |
+ |
The market value of the underlying position |
|
Wc means |
{(100% +position risk adjustment x The underlying position valued at strike price} |
- |
The market value of the underlying position |
|
X means |
The market value of the underlying position multiplied by the appropriate position risk adjustment |
|||
Y means |
The market value of the underlying position multiplied by the appropriate position risk adjustment. This result may be reduced by the market value of the option or warrant, subject to a maximum reduction to zero. |
|||
Z means |
The option hedging method is not permitted; the option standard method must be used. |
Table: The hedging method of calculating the PRR (currencies)
This table belongs to BIPRU 7.6.24R(4)
In the money by more than 8% |
In the money by less than 8% |
||
Long calls & long puts |
Zero |
WL |
X |
Short calls & short puts |
Zero |
Y |
X |
Where: |
|||
WL means |
(1.08% x U) |
- |
The market value of the underlying position |
U means |
The amount of the underlying currency that the firm will receive if the option is exercised, converted at the strike price into the currency that the firm will sell if the option is exercised |
||
X means |
The market value of the underlying position multiplied by 8%. |
||
Y means |
The market value of the underlying position multiplied by 8%. This result may be reduced by the market value of the option, subject to a maximum reduction to zero. |
Table: Instruments which result in notional positions
This table belongs to BIPRU 7.2.3R(2)
Instrument |
See |
Futures, forwards or synthetic futures on debt securities |
|
Futures, forwards or synthetic futures on debt indices or baskets |
|
Interest rate futures or forward rate agreements (FRAs) |
|
Interest rate swaps or foreign currencyswaps |
|
Deferred start interest rate swaps or foreign currencyswaps |
|
The interest rate leg of an equityswap (unless the firm calculates the interest rate PRR on the instrument using the basic interest rate PRR calculation in BIPRU 7.3 (Equity PRR and basic interest rate PRR for equity derivatives)) |
|
The cash leg of a repurchase agreement or a reverse repurchase agreement |
|
Cash borrowings or deposits |
|
Options on a debt security, a basket of debt securities, a debt security index, an interest rate or an interest rate future or swap (including an option on a future on a debt security) (unless the firm calculates a PRR on the option under BIPRU 7.6 (Option PRR)) |
|
Dual currency bonds |
|
Forwards, futures or options (except cliquets) on an equity, basket of equities or equity index (unless the firm calculates the interest rate PRR on the instrument using the basic interest rate PRR calculation in BIPRU 7.3) |
|
Credit derivatives |
|
Table: Interest rate risk on other futures, forwards, options and swaps
This table belongs to BIPRU 7.2.34R.
Instrument |
Notional positions |
||
a long position denominated in the currency purchased |
and |
a short position denominated in the currency sold |
|
a long position if the forward or future involves an actual (or notional) sale of gold |
or |
a short position if the forward or future involves an actual (or notional) purchase of gold |
|
Equityforward or future, or option (unless the interest rate PRR is calculated under the basic interest rate PRR calculation in BIPRU 7.3) |
A long position if the contract involves an actual (or notional) sale of the underlying equity |
or |
A short position if the contract involves an actual (or notional) purchase of the underlying equity |
Table: Assumed interest rate change in the interest rate duration method
This table belongs to BIPRU 7.2.64R
Zone |
Modified Duration |
Assumed interest rate change (percentage points) |
1 |
0 ≤ 12 months |
1.00 |
2 |
> 12 months ≤ 3.6 years |
0.85 |
3 |
> 3.6 years |
0.70 |
Table: Instruments which result in notional positions
This table belongs to BIPRU 7.3.2R(2)
Instrument |
See |
|
Depository receipts |
||
Convertibles where: |
(a) the convertible is trading at a market price of less than 110% of the underlying equity; and the first date at which conversion can take place is less than three months ahead, or the next such date (where the first has passed) is less than a year ahead; or |
|
(b) the conditions in (a) are not met but the firm includes the convertible in its equity PRR calculation rather than including it in its interest rate PRR calculation set out in BIPRU 7.2 (Interest rate PRR). |
||
Futures, forwards, CFDs and synthetic futures on a single equity |
||
Futures, forwards, CFDs and synthetic futures on a basket of equities or equity index |
||
Options or warrants on a single equity, an equityfuture, a basket of equities or an equity index (unless the firm calculates a PRR on the option or warrant under BIPRU 7.6). |
Table: simplified equity method position risk adjustments
This table belongs to BIPRU 7.3.29R
Instrument |
|
Single equities |
16%2 2 |
Qualifying equity indices2 (see BIPRU 7.3.38R) 2 |
8% |
All other equity indices or baskets |
16%2 2 |
If it is necessary to distinguish between the specific risk position risk adjustment and the general market risk position risk adjustment, the specific risk position risk adjustment for the first and third rows is 8%2 and that for the second row is 0%. The rest of the position risk adjustment in the second column is the general market risk position risk adjustment 2 |
Table: Percentages used in the basic interest rate PRR calculation for equity instruments
This table belongs to BIPRU 7.3.45R(1)
Time to expiration |
Percentage (%) |
0 ≤ 3 months |
0.20 |
> 3 ≤ 6 months |
0.40 |
> 6 ≤ 12 months |
0.70 |
> 1 ≤ 2 years |
1.25 |
> 2 ≤ 3 years |
1.75 |
> 3 ≤ 4 years |
2.25 |
> 4 ≤ 5 years |
2.75 |
> 5 ≤ 7 years |
3.25 |
> 7 ≤ 10 years |
3.75 |
> 10 ≤ 15 years |
4.50 |
> 15 ≤ 20 years |
5.25 |
> 20 years |
6.00 |
Table: Instruments which result in notional positions
This table belongs to BIPRU 7.4.2R(3)
Instrument |
See |
Forwards, futures, CFDs, synthetic futures and options on a single commodity (unless the firm calculates a PRR on the option under BIPRU 7.6 (Option PRR)) |
|
A commitment to buy or sell a single commodity at an average of spot prices prevailing over some future period |
|
Forwards, futures, CFDs, synthetic futures and options on a commodity index (unless the firm calculates an PRR on the option under BIPRU 7.6) |
|
A warrant relating to a commodity must be treated as an option on a commodity. |
Table: Maturity bands for the maturity ladder approach
This table belongs to BIPRU 7.4.26R
Band |
Maturity of position |
Band 1 |
0 ≤ 1 month |
Band 2 |
> 1 month ≤ 3 months |
Band 3 |
> 3 months ≤ 6 months |
Band 4 |
> 6 months ≤ 1 year |
Band 5 |
> 1 year ≤ 2 years |
Band 6 |
> 2 years ≤ 3 years |
Band 7 |
> 3 years |
Table: instruments which result in notional foreign currency positions
This table belongs to BIPRU 7.5.3R(6).
Instruments |
See |
Foreign currencyfutures, forwards, synthetic futures and CFDs |
|
Foreign currency options or warrants (unless the firm calculates a PRR on the option or warrant under BIPRU 7.6 (Option PRR)). |
|
Gold futures, forwards, synthetic futures and CFDs |
|
Gold options (unless the firm calculates a PRR on the option under BIPRU 7.6). |
|
Table: Types of CAD 1 model
This table belongs to BIPRU 7.9.6G
Options risk aggregation models |
Interest rate pre-processing models |
|
Brief description and eligible instruments |
Analyse and aggregate options risks for:
|
May be used to calculate duration weighted positions for:
|
The output and how it is used in the PRR calculation |
Depending on the type of model and the requirements in the CAD 1 model waiver granted, the outputs from an options risk aggregation model are used as an input to the market risk capital requirement calculation. |
Depending on the type of model and the requirements in the CAD 1 model waiver granted, the individual sensitivity figures produced by this type of CAD 1 model are either input into the calculation of interest rate PRR under the interest rate duration method (see BIPRU 7.2.63R) or are converted into notional position and input into the calculation of interest rate PRR under the interest rate maturity method (see BIPRU 7.2.59R). |
Table: underlying price/rate shifts
This table belongs to BIPRU 7.9.33G
Underlying asset class |
Shift |
±8% |
|
±8% |
|
±15%, (but a firm may use the percentages applicable under the commodity extended maturity ladder approach if it would qualify under BIPRU 7.4 (Commodity PRR) to use that approach). |
|
Interest rates |
±100bp (but a firm may use the sliding scale of shifts by maturity as applicable to the interest rate duration method). |
±32%, (but a firm may use the percentages applicable to the underlyings if the firm applies one of the CIU look through methods under BIPRU 7.7 (Position risk requirements for collective investment undertakings)). |