Related provisions for BIPRU 8.7.17
41 - 60 of 97 items.
Notwithstanding BIPRU 13.3.1 R and BIPRU 13.3.5 R, a firm may determine the exposure value of a credit risk exposure outstanding with a central counterparty in accordance with BIPRU 13.3.13 R, provided that the central counterparty'scounterparty credit riskexposure with all participants in its arrangements are fully collateralised on a daily basis.[Note: BCD Article 78(4) in respect of financial derivatives and long settlement transactions]
(1) The appropriate regulator expects firms to conduct regular stress testing in relation to their securitisation activities and off-balance sheet exposures. The stress tests should consider the firm-wide impact of those activities and exposures in stressed market conditions and the implications for other sources of risk, for example, credit risk, concentration risk, counterparty risk, market risk, liquidity risk and reputational risk. Stress testing of securitisation activities
BIPRU 9 deals with:(1) requirements for investors,3originators and sponsors of securitisations of non-trading bookexposures;3(2) the calculation of risk weighted exposure amount for securitisation positions for the purposes of calculating either the credit risk capital component or the counterparty risk capital component; and3(3) the requirements that investors, originators and sponsors of securitisations in the trading book will have to meet (BIPRU 9.3.1AR, BIPRU 9.3.15R to BIPRU
(1) This guidance sets out the FCA's expectations for granting permission to a firm to use its own one-sided credit valuation adjustment internal models (an "internal CVA model") for the purpose of estimating the maturity factor "M", as proposed under article 162(2)(h) of the EU CRR (Maturity).(2) In the context of counterparty credit risk, the maturity factor "M" is intended to increase the own funds requirements to reflect potential higher risks associated with medium and long-term
(1) This guidance sets out the FCA's expectations for permitting a firm with the permission to use the Internal Model Method set out in Part Three, Title II, Chapter 6, Section 6 (Internal model method) and the permission to use an internal VaR model for specific risk set out in Part Three, Title IV, Chapter 5 (Use of internal models) associated with traded debt instruments to set to 1 the maturity factor "M" defined in article 162 of the EU CRR.(2) In the context of counterparty
In the case of funded credit protection, the risk weighted exposure amount of the securitisation position must be calculated by multiplying the funded protection-adjusted exposure amount of the position (E*, as calculated under BIPRU 5.4.28 R (3), taking the amount of the securitisation position to be E) by the effective risk weight.[Note:BCD Annex IX Part 4 point 64]
The operational requirements referred to in BIPRU 5.4.9 R (3) are as follows:(1) the collateral arrangements must be properly documented, with a clear and robust procedure for the timely liquidation of collateral;(2) a firm must employ robust procedures and processes to control risks arising from the use of collateral – including risks of failed or reduced credit protection, valuation risks, risks associated with the termination of the credit protection, concentration risk arising
The risk weight that would be assigned under the standardised approach to credit risk if the lending firm had a direct exposure to the collateral instrument must be assigned to those portions of exposure values4 collateralised by the market value of recognised collateral. For this purpose, the exposure value of an off-balance sheet item listed in BIPRU 3.7.2 R must be 100% of its value rather than the exposure value indicated in BIPRU 3.2.1 R.4 The risk weight of the collateralised
Core market participant means the following entities:(1) the entities mentioned in BIPRU 5.4.2 R (2)exposures to which are assigned a 0% risk weight under the standardised approach to credit risk;(2) institutions;(3) other financial companies (including insurance companies) exposures which are assigned a 20% risk weight under the standardised approach;(4) regulated CIUs that are subject to capital or leverage requirements;(5) regulated pension funds; and(6) a recognised clearing
SYSC 13 provides guidance on how to interpret SYSC 3.1.1 R and SYSC 3.2.6 R, which deal with the establishment and maintenance of systems and controls, in relation to the management of operational risk. Operational risk has been described by the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision as "the risk of loss, resulting from inadequate or failed internal processes, people and systems, or from external events". This chapter covers systems and controls for managing risks concerning any
Where a system wide failure of a settlement system, a clearing system or a CCP occurs, the own funds requirements calculated in articles 378 (Settlement/delivery risk) and 379 (Free deliveries) of the EU CRR are waived until the situation is rectified. In this case, the failure of a counterparty to settle a trade shall not be deemed a default for purposes of credit risk.[Note: article 380 of the EU CRR]
In complying with CASS 11.7.3 R a CASS large debt management firm should consider as appropriate, together with any other relevant matters:(1) the amount of client money held by the firm;(2) the amount of client money the firm anticipates holding at the approved bank; and(3) the credit worthiness of the approved bank.
To be satisfied that the credit risk stress test undertaken by a firm under article 177(2) of the EU CRR is meaningful and considers the effects of severe, but plausible, recession scenarios, the FCA would expect the stress test to be based on an economic cycle that is consistent with IFPRU 2.2.73G(1)(b) (see article 177(2) of the EU CRR)
(1) Where a firm uses the standardised approach set out in BIPRU 3 (Standardised approach to credit risk) for the calculation of risk weighted exposure amount for the standardised credit risk exposure class to which the securitised exposures would otherwise be assigned under BIPRU 3, then it must calculate the risk weighted exposure amount for a securitisation position in accordance with the standardised approach to securitisations set out in BIPRU 9.9, BIPRU 9.10, BIPRU 9.11
In deciding on the level and extent of explanation required by CONC 4.2.5 R, the lender or credit broker should consider (and each of them should ensure that anyone acting on its behalf should consider), to the extent appropriate to do so, factors including:(1) the type of credit being sought;(2) the amount and duration4 of credit to be provided;4(2A) the actual and potential costs of the credit;4(2B) the risk to the customer arising from the credit (the risk to the customer is
Subject to BIPRU 14.2.3 R to BIPRU 14.2.5 R and BIPRU 14.2.14 R to BIPRU 14.2.17 R, a firm must calculate exposure values and risk weighted exposure amounts for the exposures falling under BIPRU 14.2.2 R (1) to BIPRU 14.2.2R (5) in accordance with:(1) the standardised approach to credit risk; or(2) if the firm has an IRB permission, the IRB approach in accordance with the terms of the firm'sIRB permission.[Note: CAD Annex II point 6]
Where a firm calculates risk weighted exposure amounts for the purposes of BIPRU 14 in accordance with the IRB approach, then for the purposes of the calculation provided for in BIPRU 4.3.8 R, the following will apply:44(1) value adjustments made to take account of the credit quality of the counterparty may be included in the sum of value adjustments and provisions made for the exposures indicated in BIPRU 14; and(2) unless the firm'sIRB permission does not permit it, if the credit
The risk factors which the FCA will take into account in assessing the issuer's and owner's compliance with Regulations 17(2)(d) (general requirements on issuer in relation to the asset pool) and 23(2) (requirements on owner relating to the asset pool) will include credit risk of the assets, concentration risk, market risk and counterparty risk.
(1) The credit risk of an asset is the risk of loss if another party fails to perform its obligations or fails to perform them in a timely fashion.(2) Where, for example, the asset pool includes residential mortgages the relevant factors which the FCA may consider include: (a) whether the asset pool contains (or could contain) loans made to individuals who have been made bankrupt or have had court judgments made against them;(b) the extent to which the asset pool contains (or
3Where the nth default among the exposures triggers payment under the credit protection, the protection buyer may only off-set specific risk if protection has also been obtained for defaults 1 to n-1 or when n-1 defaults have already occurred. In those cases, the methodology set out in BIPRU 7.11.12AR for first-to-default credit derivatives must be followed, appropriately modified for nth-to-default products.[Note:CAD Annex I point 8.B]
This table belongs to GENPRU 2.1.40 R
Firm category |
Capital requirement |
||
BIPRU firm12(including collective portfolio management investment firm9) 129 |
the higher of (1) and (2): |
||
(1) |
the sum of: |
||
(a) |
the credit risk capital requirement; and |
||
(b) |
the market risk capital requirement; and |
||
(2) |
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When a3collective portfolio management investment firm9 calculates the credit risk capital requirement and the market risk capital requirement for the purpose of calculating the variable capital requirement under GENPRU 2.1.40 R it must do so only3 in respect of designated investment business. For this purpose managing an AIF or managing a UCITS9 is excluded from designated investment business.3939
A significant IFPRU firm should consider developing internal credit risk assessment capacity and to increase use of the internal ratings based approach for calculating own funds requirements for credit risk where its exposures are material in absolute terms and where it has at the same time a large number of material counterparties. This provision is without prejudice to the fulfilment of criteria laid down in Part Three, Title I, Chapter 3, Section 1 of the EU CRR (IRB approach).[Note:
The documentation maintained by a BIPRUfirm under SYSC 4.1.3 R should include its policy for credit risk, including its risk appetite and provisioning policy and should describe how it measures, monitors and controls that risk. This should include descriptions of the systems used to ensure that the policy is correctly implemented.
- (1)
In the FCA's view:
- (a)
- (b)
a person who performs a significant influence function for, or is a senior manager of, a firm would normally be expected to be part of the firm'sBIPRU Remuneration Code staff;
- (c)
the table in (2) provides a non-exhaustive list of examples of key positions that should, subject to (d), be within a firm's definition of staff who are risk takers;
- (d)
firms should consider how the examples in the table in (2) apply to their own organisational structure;
1 - (e)
firms may find it useful to set their own metrics to identify their risk takers based, for example, on trading limits; and
- (f)
a firm should treat a person as being BIPRU Remuneration Code staff in relation to remuneration in respect of a given performance year if they were BIPRU Remuneration Code staff for any part of that year.
[Note: The FCA has published guidance on the application of particular rules on remuneration structures in relation to individuals who are BIPRU Remuneration Code staff for only part of a given performance year. This guidance is available at www.fca.org.uk/firms/remuneration
.]
- (2)
High-level category
Suggested business lines
Heads of significant business lines (including regional heads) and any individuals or groups within their control who have a material impact on the firm's risk profile
Fixed income
Foreign exchange
Commodities
Securitisation
Sales areas
Investment banking (including mergers and acquisitions advisory)
Commercial banking
Equities
Structured finance
Lending quality
Trading areas
Research
Heads of support and control functions and other individuals within their control who have a material impact on the firm's risk profile
Credit/market/operational risk
Legal
Treasury controls
Human resources
Compliance
Internal audit
(1) This Remuneration Principle stresses the importance of risk adjustment in measuring performance, and the importance of applying judgment and common sense. A firm should ask the risk management function to validate and assess risk-adjustment techniques and to attend a meeting of the governing body or remuneration committee for this purpose. (2) A number of risk-adjustment techniques and measures are available, and a firm should choose those that are most appropriate to its