Related provisions for LR 10.1.5

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FEES 2.3.1RRP
If it appears to the FCA5 or410 the FSCS (in relation to any FSCS levy only) 2 that in the exceptional circumstances of a particular case, the payment of any fee, FSCS levy2,3FOS levy or CFEB levy3would be inequitable, the FCA5 or410 the FSCS2 as relevant, may (unless FEES 2.3.2B R applies)1 reduce or remit all or part of the fee or levy in question which would otherwise be payable. 41034104103410
FEES 2.3.2RRP
If it appears to the FCA5 or410 the FSCS (in relation to any FSCS levy only)2 that in the exceptional circumstances of a particular case to which FEES 2.3.1R does not apply, the retention by the FCA5 the FSCS,2 or the CFEB3, as relevant, of a fee,3FOS levy or CFEB levy3which has been paid would be inequitable, the FCA5 the FSCS2 or the CFEB3, may (unless FEES 2.3.2B R applies)1 refund all or part of that fee or levy.410341034103410
FEES 2.3.2BRRP
1The FCA5or the FSCS2may not consider a claim under FEES 2.3.1 R and/or FEES 2.3.2 R to reduce, remit or refund any overpaid amounts paid by a fee or levy2 payer in respect of a particular period, due to a mistake of fact or law by the fee or levy2 payer, if the claim is made by the fee or levy2 payer more than 2 years after the beginning of the period to which the overpayment relates.
SUP 16.19.2DRP
A firm must report its compliance with section 40 of the Immigration Act 2014 to the FCA annually.
SUP 16.19.3DRP
A firm must report its compliance in the form specified in SUP 16 Annex 1AR using the appropriate online systems accessible from the FCA's website.
SUP 16.19.4DRP
A firm which is subject to SUP 16.7A (Annual reports and accounts) must report its compliance at the same time that it submits its annual reports and accounts to the FCA.
CREDS 8.2.6RRP
(1) Every credit union (except a Northern Ireland credit union) 3must send to the FCA3 a copy of its audited accounts published in accordance with section 82 of the Co-operative and Community Benefit Societies Act 20143.1(2) The accounts must: (a) be made up for the period beginning with the date of the credit union's registration or with the date to which the credit union's last annual accounts were made up, whichever is the later, and ending on the credit union's most recent
CREDS 8.2.6ARRP
3The methods referred to in CREDS 8.2.6R(2)(b) are:(1) by e-mail to mutual.societies@fca.org.uk; or(2) by post to Mutuals Team, Financial Conduct Authority, 25 The North Colonnade, Canary Wharf, London, E14 5HS.
CREDS 8.2.7RRP
Every credit union must make available, 3free of charge, to every member or person interested in the funds of the credit union who applies for it, a copy of the latest audited accounts of the credit union sent to the FCA3 under CREDS 8.2.6 R.
EG 19.12.1RP
2These Regulations implement in part the Financial Conglomerates Directive,25 which imposes certain procedural requirements on the FCA as a competent authority under the Directive. These Regulations also make specific provision about the exercise of certain supervisory powers in relation to financial conglomerates. 25 Directive 2002/87/EC
EG 19.12.2RP
2The FCA's powers to vary a firm’s Part 4A permission or to impose requirements under sections 55J and 55L of the Act have been extended under these Regulations. The FCA is able to use these powers where it is desirable to do so for the purpose of: supervision in accordance with the Financial Conglomerates Directive;acting in accordance with specified provisions of the Capital Requirements Directive; andacting in accordance with specified provisions of the Solvency II Directi
EG 19.12.3RP
2The duty imposed by section 55B(3) (The threshold conditions) of the Act does not prevent the FCA from exercising its own-initiative power for these purposes. But subject to that, when exercising this power under the Regulations, the FCA will do so in a manner consistent with its approach generally to variation under the Act.
EG 4.14.1RP
1In some cases, it may be appropriate for both the FCA and the PRA to pursue investigations into different aspects of the same misconduct (see EG 2.5.2).
EG 4.14.2RP
1In such cases, the guidance contained in this chapter will apply to the FCA’s investigation and the FCA will attempt to ensure that the subject of the investigation is not prejudiced or unduly inconvenienced by the fact that there are two investigating authorities.
IFPRU 1.3.1RRP
Except for operational risk, a firm that is permitted to use internal approaches for the calculation of risk weighted exposure amounts or own fund requirements must report annually to the FCA: (1) the results of the calculations of its internal approaches for its exposures or positions that are included in the benchmark portfolios; and(2) an explanation of the methodologies used to produce those calculations in (1).[Note: article 78(1) of CRD]
IFPRU 1.3.2GRP
A firm must submit the results of the calculations referred to in IFPRU 1.3.1 R (1), in line with the template set out in the Commission Regulation adopted under article 78(8) of CRD, to the FCA and to EBA.
IFPRU 1.3.3RRP
Where the FCA has chosen to develop specific portfolios in accordance with article 78(2) of CRD, a firm must report the results of the calculations separately from the results of the calculations for EBA portfolios. [Note: article 78(2) of CRD]
EG 7.5.1RP
1Financial penalties must be paid within the period (usually 14 days) that is stated on the FCA'sfinal notice. The FCA's policy in relation to reducing a penalty because its payment may cause a person serious financial hardship is set out in DEPP 6.5D.
EG 7.5.4RP
1Chapter 6 of the General Provisions of the FCA Handbook (GEN) also contains a rule prohibiting a firm, except a sole trader, from paying a financial penalty imposed by the FCA on a present or former employee, director or partner of the firm or of an affiliated company.
EG 7.5.5RP
1Rule1.5.33 in the FCA's Prudential Sourcebook for Insurers (INSPRU) prohibits a long- term insurer (including a firm qualifying for authorisation under Schedule 3 or 4 to the Act), which is not a mutual, from paying a financial penalty from a long-term insurance fund.
EG 20.1.1RP
1The CCA Order gives the FCA the power to enforce the CCA through the application of its investigation and sanctioning powers in the Act by reference to the contravention of CCA Requirements and criminal offences under the CCA. The FCA's investigation and sanctioning powers include the following: power to censure or fine an approved person, or impose a suspension or a restriction on their approval under section 66 of the Act, for being knowingly concerned in a contravention by
EG 20.1.2RP
1The FCA's approach to taking enforcement action under the CCA Order will mirror its general approach to enforcing the Act, as set out in EG 2. It will seek to exercise its enforcement powers in a manner that is transparent, proportionate, responsive to the issue and consistent with its publicly stated policies. It will also seek to ensure fair treatment when exercising its enforcement powers. Finally, it will aim to change the behaviour of the person who is the subject of its
EG 20.1.3RP
1The FCA has decided to adopt procedures and policies that it currently has in place for the enforcement of the Act in exercising its powers to enforce the CCA. Key features of the FCA's approach are described below.
COND 1.1A.1GRP
(1) Section 55C of the Financial Services Act 2012 (Power to amend Schedule 6) gave HM Treasury the power to amend Schedule 6 of the Act. HM Treasury exercised this power by making The Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (Threshold Conditions) Order 2013 which entered into force on 1 April 2013 (the "TC Order"). The TC Order's main result is the creation of four sets of threshold conditions, namely:(i) conditions for firms authorised and regulated by the FCA only (paragraphs
COND 1.1A.3GRP
(1) As a result of the new legal framework for threshold conditions described in COND 1.1A.1G (1), PRA-authorised persons and firms seeking to become PRA-authorised persons are subject to two sets of threshold conditions:(i) the FCA-specific conditions referred to in COND 1.1A.1G (1)(ii)and(ii) one of the two PRA-specific conditions referred to in COND 1.1A.1G (1)(iii) or (iv), depending on the PRA-regulated activities which the PRA-authorised person or firm carries on, or is
COND 1.1A.4GRP
COND applies to incoming EEA firms and incoming Treaty firms as set out below:(1) for an incoming EEA firm or an incoming Treaty firm which does not carry on any PRA-regulated activities, FCAthreshold conditions 2C to 2F apply; and(2) for an incoming EEA firm or an incoming Treaty firm which carries on a PRA-regulated activity, FCAthreshold conditions 3B to 3E apply.FCAthreshold conditions apply to incoming EEA firms and incoming Treaty firms only in as far as relevant to the
COND 1.1A.5GRP
FCAthreshold conditions 3B, 3C and 3E apply to Swiss General Insurance Companies.
COND 1.1A.5AGRP
(1) 2The FCAthreshold conditions apply to a person that carries on, or seeks to carry on, only relevant credit activities (within paragraph 2G of Schedule 6 to the Act) and which therefore has, or is applying for, limited permission with a number of modifications (see article 10(19) of the Regulated Activities Amendment Order). Regulated activities a person carries on in relation to which sections 20(1) and (1A) and 23(1A) of the Act do not apply as a result of section 39(1D)
EG App 3.1.1RP
3The FCA is the single statutory regulator for all financial business in the UK. Its strategic objective under the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (the 2000 Act) is to ensure that the relevant markets function well. The FCA's operational objectives are: securing an appropriate degree of protection for consumers;protecting and enhancing the integrity of the UK financial system; andpromoting effective competition in the interests of consumers in the markets.(Note: The 2000
EG App 3.1.2RP
3The FCA'sregulatory objectives as the competent authority under Part VI of the Act are: the protection of investors;access to capital; andinvestor confidence.
EG App 3.1.3RP
3Under the 2000 Act the FCA has powers to investigate concerns including: • regulatory concerns about authorised firms and individuals employed by them;suspected contraventions of the Market Abuse Regulation or any directly applicable EU regulation made under the Market Abuse Regulation or for contraventions of the auction regulation2;2[Note: see Regulation 6 and Schedule 1 to the RAP Regulations for powers in relation to contraventions of the auction regulation]• suspected
EG App 3.1.4RP
3The FCA has the power to take the following enforcement action: • discipline authorised firms under Part XIV of the 2000 Act and approved persons and other individuals1under s.66 of the 2000 Act;• impose penalties on persons that perform controlled functions without approval under s.63A of the 2000 Act;• impose civil penalties2under s.123 of the 2000 Act;[Note: see Regulation 6 and Schedule 1 to the RAP Regulations for the application of this power and those below to contraventions
BIPRU 8.4.4GRP
The FCA will not grant an investment firm consolidation waiver unless:(1) the UK consolidation group or non-EEA sub-group meets the conditions for being a CAD Article 22 group;(2) the FCA is satisfied that each BIPRU firm in the UK consolidation group or non-EEA sub-group will be able to meet its capital requirements using the calculation of capital resources in GENPRU 2 Annex 6R (Capital resources table for a BIPRU 2firm with a waiver from consolidated supervision); and(3) the
BIPRU 8.4.5GRP
The standards in BIPRU 8.4.4 G are minimum standards. Satisfaction of these conditions does not automatically mean the FCA will give an investment firm consolidation waiver. The FCA will in addition also apply the tests in Section 138A of the Act (Modification or waiver of rules).
BIPRU 8.4.8GRP
Compliance with the capital requirements set out in BIPRU 8.4.11 R is a condition under the Capital Adequacy Directive for the exemption from capital requirements. Thus if they are breached the FCA is likely to revoke the investment firm consolidation waiver.
BIPRU 8.4.18RRP
If a firm has an investment firm consolidation waiver, it must:(1) ensure that each CAD investment firm in the UK consolidation group or non-EEA sub-group which is a firm or an EEA firm has in place systems to monitor and control the sources of capital and funding of all the members in the UK consolidation group or non-EEA sub-group;(2) notify the FCA of any serious risk that could undermine the financial stability of the UK consolidation group or non-EEA sub-group, as soon as
BIPRU 8.4.19GRP
Although an investment firm consolidation waiver switches off most of this chapter, a firm should still carry out the capital adequacy calculations in BIPRU 8.3 to BIPRU 8.8 as if those parts of this chapter still applied to the UK consolidation group or non-EEA sub-group and report these to the FCA. It should also still monitor large exposure risk on a consolidated basis.
SUP 13A.3.1CGRP
(1) 6Under paragraph 15A(1) of Part II of Schedule 3 to the Act, an EEA UCITS management company intending to exercise an EEA right to provide collective portfolio management services for a UCITS scheme must, before it undertakes that activity, obtain the FCA's10 approval to manage that UCITS scheme. Firms should use the application form set out in SUP 13A Annex 3 R (EEA UCITS management companies: application for approval to manage a UCITS scheme established in the United Kingdom)
SUP 13A.3.1DGRP
For details of the FCA's procedures for the giving of notices see DEPP 2 (Statutory notices and allocation of decision making).10
SUP 13A.3.6AGRP
10Where the PRA receives a notification, it will give a copy to the FCA, and where the FCA receives a notification, it will give a copy to the PRA where relevant.
SUP 13A.3.7DRP
(1) A written notice from a Treaty firm under paragraph 5(2) of Schedule 4 to the Act must be: (a) addressed for the attention of the authorisations team in the PRA or FCA, as appropriate; and101010(b) delivered to the appropriate UK regulator10 by one of the methods in (2).10(2) The written notice may be delivered by:(a) post to either of the following addresses, as appropriate:1010(i) the address for notices to the FCA: The Financial Conduct Authority, 25 The North Colonnade,
SUP 13A.3.9GRP
(1) For further information, a Treaty firm should contact the FCA and/or PRA authorisations teams using the details provided on that regulator's website.1010
DEPP 6A.4.1GRP
The deterrent effect and impact on a person of a combination of sanctions3 may be greater than where only a single sanction3 is imposed. The FCA1 will consider the overall impact and deterrent effect of the sanctions it imposes when determining the level of any3 penalty and the length of suspension,3 restriction, condition, limitation or disciplinary prohibition3.212
DEPP 6A.4.2GRP
The FCA1 expects usually to take the following approach in respect of the interaction between sanctions3:12(1) The FCA1 will determine which sanction, or combination of sanctions, is appropriate for the breach.1(2) If the FCA1, following the approach set out in DEPP 6.2, considers it appropriate to impose a financial penalty, it will calculate the appropriate level of the financial penalty, following the approach set out in DEPP 6.5 to DEPP 6.5D.1(3) If the FCA1, following the
DEPP 6A.4.3GRP
The FCA1 may depart from the approach set out in DEPP 6A.4.2 G. For example, the FCA1 may at the outset consider that a financial penalty is the only appropriate sanction for a breach but, having determined the appropriate level of financial penalty, may consider it appropriate to reduce the amount of the financial penalty for serious financial hardship reasons. In such a situation, the FCA1 may consider it appropriate to impose a suspension, restriction, condition,3 limitation
CREDS 9.2.1RRP
A credit union must provide the FCA, once a year, with a report in the format set out in CREDS 9 Annex 1 R (Credit Union complaints return) which contains (for the relevant reporting period) information about:(1) the total number of complaints received by the credit union;(2) (for the product/service groupings within section 5)3 the number of complaints closed by the credit union:(a) within eight weeks of receipt; and(b) more than eight weeks after receipt;(2A) (for other lending
CREDS 9.2.7RRP
For the purposes of CREDS 9.2.1 R:(1) the relevant reporting period is from 1 April to 31 March each year; and(2) reports are to be submitted to the FCA within one month of the end of the relevant reporting period.[Note: a transitional provision applies to this rule: see CREDS TP 1.16.]1
CREDS 9.2.10RRP
A report under this section must be given or addressed, and delivered, in the way set out in SUP 16.3.6 R to SUP 16.3.16 G (General provisions on reporting), except that, instead of the credit union's usual supervisory contact, the report must be given to or addressed for the attention of the Central Reporting team at the FCA.22
COCON 1.1.1GRP
Under section 64A of the Act, the FCA may make rules about the conduct of approved persons and persons who are employees of relevant authorised persons.
COCON 1.1.2RRP
  1. (1)

    COCON applies to:

    1. (a)

      an SMF manager;

    2. (b)

      an employee (“P”) of a relevant authorised person who:

      1. (i)

        performs the function of an SMF manager;

      2. (ii)

        is not an approved person to perform the function in question; and

      3. (iii)

        is required to be an approved person at the time P performs that function; and

    3. (c)

      an employee of a relevant authorised person who would be an SMF manager but for SUP 10C.3.13R (The 12-week rule);

    4. (d)

      a certification employee employed by a relevant authorised person, even if the certification employee has not been notified that COCON applies to them or notified of the rules that apply to them;

      2
    5. (e)

      an employee of a relevant authorised person who would be a certification employee but for SYSC 5.2.27R(1) (Scope: emergency appointments) or SYSC 5.2.28AR (Scope: temporary UK role)6; and12

    6. (f)

      [Not used]22

    7. (g)

      an FCA-approved person or PRA-approved person approved to perform a controlled function in a Solvency II firm (including a large non-directive insurer) or a small non-directive insurer4.2

  2. (2)

    For Swiss general insurers, references in this sourcebook to parts of the PRA Rulebook for ‘Solvency II firms’ are to be read as references to the corresponding parts of the PRA Rulebook applying to large non directive insurers.7

  3. (3)

    COCON does not apply to approved persons approved to perform a controlled function in SUP 10A.1.15R to SUP 10A.1.16BR (appointed representatives).2

COCON 1.1.11GRP
The FCA interprets the phrase ‘dealing with’ in COCON 1.1.10R as including having contact with customers and extending beyond ‘dealing’ as used in the phrase ‘dealing in investments’. ‘Dealing in’ is used in Schedule 2 to the Act to describe, in general terms, the regulated activities which are specified in Part II of the Regulated Activities Order.
COCON 1.1.11AGRP
6The FCA interprets the phrase ‘a client of the firm in the United Kingdom’ in COCON 1.1.10R as referring to:(1) for a client which is a body corporate, its office or branch in the United Kingdom; or(2) for a client who is an individual, a client who is in the United Kingdom at the time of the dealing.
SUP 2.2.3GRP
The FCA1 would not normally seek to gather information using the methods described in SUP 2.3 or SUP 2.4 in a situation where the FCA1 could not have obtained it under the powers in Part XI of the Act (Information Gathering and Investigations). In particular, the limitations in the following sections of the Act are relevant to this chapter:11(1) section 175(5) (Information and documents: supplementary powers) under which no person may be required under Part XI of the Act (Information
SUP 2.2.4GRP
When the FCA1 obtains confidential information using the methods of information gathering described in SUP 2.3 or SUP 2.4, it is obliged under Part XXIII of the Act (Public Record, Disclosure of Information and Co-operation) to treat that information as confidential. The FCA1 will not disclose confidential information without lawful authority, for example if an exception applies under the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (Disclosure of Confidential Information) Regulations
SUP 2.2.5GRP
Information obtained by the FCA1 using the methods described in SUP 2.3 and SUP 2.4 is admissible in evidence in any proceedings, so long as it complies with any requirements governing the admissibility of evidence in the circumstances in question.1
LR 17.3.1RRP
(1) An issuer must forward to the FCA, for publication through the document viewing facility, two copies of any document required by LR 17.3 or LR 17.4 at the same time the document is issued.(2) An issuer must notify a RIS as soon as possible when a document has been forwarded to the FCA under paragraph (1) unless the full text of the document is provided to the RIS.(3) A notification made under paragraph (2) must set out where copies of the relevant document can be obtain
LR 17.3.2RRP
(1) An issuer'ssecurities must be admitted to trading on a RIE's market for listed securities at all times.(2) An issuer must inform the FCA in writing without delay if it has:(a) requested a RIE to admit or re-admit any of its listed securities to trading; or(b) requested a RIE to cancel or suspend trading of any of its listed securities; or(c) been informed by a RIE that the trading of any of its listed securities will be cancelled or suspended.
LR 17.3.5GRP
(1) If an issuer prepares both own and consolidated annual accounts it may publish either form provided that the unpublished accounts do not contain any significant additional information.1(2) If the annual accounts do not give a true and fair view of the assets and liabilities, financial position and profits or losses of the issuer or group, additional information must be provided to the satisfaction of the FCA.1(3) An issuer incorporated or established in a non-EEA State which
LR 17.3.10RRP
An issuer must ensure that any circular it issues to holders of its listed securities about proposed amendments to a trust deed includes:(1) an explanation of the effect of the proposed amendments; and(2) either the full terms of the proposed amendments, or a statement that they will be available for inspection:(a) from the date the circular is sent until the close of the relevant general meeting at a place in or near the City of London or such other place as the FCA may determine;
SUP 5.6.1GRP
Within the legal constraints that apply, the FCA1 may pass on to a skilled person any information which it considers relevant to the skilled person's function. A skilled person, being a primary recipient under section 348 of the Act (Restrictions on disclosure of confidential information by Authority etc.), is bound by the confidentiality provisions in Part XXIII of the Act (Public record, disclosure of information and cooperation) as regards confidential information received1
SUP 5.6.3GRP
2In respect of the appointment of a skilled person under section 166A (Appointment of skilled person to collect and update information) of the Act, a contractual or other requirement imposed on a person to keep any information confidential will not apply if:(1) the information is or may be relevant to anything required to be done as part of the skilled person's appointment under section 166A (Appointment of skilled person to collect and update information) of the Act;(2) a firm
SUP 5.6.4GRP
2A firm may provide information that would otherwise be subject to a contractual or other requirement to keep it in confidence if it is provided for the purposes of anything required to be done in respect of the skilled person's collection or updating of information under section 166A (Appointment of skilled person to collect and update information) of the Act.
SYSC 12.1.1RRP
1Subject to SYSC 12.1.2 R to SYSC 12.1.4 R, this section applies to each of the following which is a member of a group:(1) a firm that falls into any one or more of the following categories:(a) a regulated entity that is:15(i) an investment firm, except a designated investment firm unless (ii) applies; or 15(ii) a credit institution or designated investment firm that is a subsidiary undertaking of a parent institution in a Member State that is an IFPRU investment firm;15(b)
SYSC 12.1.10AGRP
12SYSC 1.1A.2 G sets out the general principle that the FCA will apply provisions to the extent of its powers and regulatory responsibilities. SYSC 12.1.10 R will, therefore, have limited application to a Solvency II firm.
SYSC 12.1.18GRP
Assessment of the adequacy of a group's systems and controls required by this section will form part of the FCA’s14 risk management process.
SYSC 12.1.21GRP
SYSC 12.1.8R (1) deals with the systems and controls that a firm should have in respect of the exposure it has to the rest of the group. On the other hand, the purpose of SYSC 12.1.8R (2) and the rules in this section that amplify it is to require groups to have adequate systems and controls. However a group is not a single legal entity on which obligations can be imposed. Therefore the obligations have to be placed on individual firms. The purpose of imposing the obligations
SYSC 12.1.22GRP
If both a firm and its parent undertaking are subject to SYSC 12.1.8R (2), the FCA14 would not expect systems and controls to be duplicated. In this case, the firm should assess whether and to what extent it can rely on its parent's group risk systems and controls.
COLL 7.4.1GRP
(1) This section deals with the circumstances and manner in which an AUT is to be wound up or a sub-fund of an AUT is to be terminated. Under section 256 of the Act (Requests for revocation of authorisation order), the manager or trustee of an AUT may request the FCA to revoke the authorisation order in respect of that AUT. Section 257 of the Act (Directions) gives the FCA the power to make certain directions.(2) The termination of a sub-fund under this section will be subject
COLL 7.4.2AGRP

1This table belongs to COLL 7.4.1 G (4) (Explanation of COLL 7.4)

Summary of the main steps in winding up an AUT or terminating a sub-fund under FCArules

Notes: N = Notice to be given to the FCA under section 251 of the Act.

E = commencement of winding up or termination

W/U = winding up

FAP = final accounting period (COLL 7.4.5 R (4))

Step number

Explanation

When

COLLrule (unless stated otherwise)

1

Receive FCA approval

N + one month

On receipt of notice from the FCA

Section 251 of the Act

2

Normal business ceases; notify unitholders

E

7.4.3R

3

Trustee to realise and distribute proceeds

ASAP after E

7.4.4R(1) to (5)

4

Send annual long report of manager and trustee to the FCA

Within 4 months of FAP

7.4.5R(5)

5

Request FCA to revoke relevant authorisation order

On completion of W/U

7.4.4R(6)

COLL 7.4.4RRP
(1) Where COLL 7.4.3 R (2) (f) applies, the trustee must cancel all units in issue and1 wind up the AUT or terminate the sub-fund in accordance with the approved scheme of arrangement.(2) In any other case falling within COLL 7.4.3 R:(a) once the AUT falls to be wound up or sub-fund terminated, the trustee must realise the scheme property;(b) after paying out or retaining adequate provision for all liabilities payable and for the costs of the winding up or termination, the trustee
COLL 7.4.5RRP
(1) For any annual or half-yearly accounting period which begins1 after commencement of the winding up or termination, the manager is not required to prepare a short report (COLL 4.5.13 R (Provision of short report)), provided that it has reasonably determined1 that the report is not required in the interests of the unitholders.11(1A) The manager must consult the trustee before determining that a short report is not required in the interests of unitholders.1(2) Where (1) applies,