Related provisions for PERG 6.5.2

401 - 420 of 1059 items.
Results filter

Search Term(s)

Filter by Modules

Filter by Documents

Filter by Keywords

Effective Period

Similar To

To access the FCA Handbook Archive choose a date between 1 January 2001 and 31 December 2004 (From field only).

REC 6.6.1GRP
An ROIE1 is required to notify the FCA1 of certain events and give information to it on a regular basis and when certain specified events occur. Section 295 of the Act (Notification: overseas investment exchanges and overseas clearing houses) requires each ROIE1 to provide the FCA1 with a report (at least once a year) which contains:111(1) a statement as to whether any events have occurred which are likely to affect the FCA's assessment of whether it is satisfied that the ROIE
REC 6.6.2GRP
The following events are examples of events likely to affect an assessment of whether an ROIE1 is continuing to satisfy the recognition requirements11(1) significant changes to any relevant law or regulation in its home territory, including laws or regulations:(a) governing exchanges or, if relevant to an ROIE's satisfaction of the recognition requirements,1clearing houses;(b) designed to prevent insider dealing, market manipulation or other forms of market abuse or misconduct;(c)
REC 6.6.6GRP
Copies of the report should be sent to the FCA1 within two months after the end of the period to which it relates.1
EG App 3.1.1RP
3The FCA is the single statutory regulator for all financial business in the UK. Its strategic objective under the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (the 2000 Act) is to ensure that the relevant markets function well. The FCA's operational objectives are: securing an appropriate degree of protection for consumers;protecting and enhancing the integrity of the UK financial system; andpromoting effective competition in the interests of consumers in the markets.(Note: The 2000
EG App 3.1.2RP
3The FCA'sregulatory objectives as the competent authority under Part VI of the Act are: the protection of investors;access to capital; andinvestor confidence.
EG App 3.1.3RP
3Under the 2000 Act the FCA has powers to investigate concerns including: • regulatory concerns about authorised firms and individuals employed by them;suspected market abuse under s.118 of the 2000 Act;• suspected misleading statements and practices under s.397 of the 2000 Act and Part 7 of the Financial Services Act 2012;• suspected insiderdealing under of Part V of the Criminal Justice Act 1993;• suspected contraventions of the general prohibition under s.19 of the 2000
EG App 3.1.4RP
3The FCA has the power to take the following enforcement action: • discipline authorised firms under Part XIV of the 2000 Act and approved persons and other individuals1under s.66 of the 2000 Act;• impose penalties on persons that perform controlled functions without approval under s.63A of the 2000 Act;• impose civil penalties in cases of market abuse under s.123 of the 2000 Act;• prohibit an individual from being employed in connection with a regulated activity, under s.56
SUP 5.1.1ARRP
6In respect of the FCA's power in section 166 of the Act (Reports by skilled persons), reference to a firm in SUP 5.5.1 R, SUP 5.5.5 R and SUP 5.5.9 R includes a recognised investment exchange.
SUP 5.1.1BGRP
6In respect of the FCA's power in section 166 of the Act (Reports by skilled persons), the guidance in this chapter applies to a recognised investment exchange in the same way as it applies to a firm.
SUP 5.1.3GRP
6The purpose of this chapter is to give guidance on the appropriate regulator's use of the power in section 166 (Reports by skilled persons) and section 166A (Appointment of skilled person to collect and update information) of the Act. The purpose is also to make rules requiring a firm to give assistance to a skilled person and, where a firm is required to appoint a skilled person, to include certain provisions in its contract with a skilled person. These rules are designed to
PERG 1.5.1GRP
General guidance on the perimeter is also contained in various FCA documents (mainly fact sheets and frequently asked questions) that are available on the FCA website at www.fca.org.uk.These documents, and the URL on which they may be accessed, include:(1) [deleted]612446(2) [deleted]212(3) [deleted](4) [deleted]313(5) [deleted]313(6) [deleted]313(7) guidance about the position under the Insurance Mediation Directive and the Regulated Activities Order of the company appointed
PERG 1.5.2GRP
Any person who, having read relevant general guidance and, where appropriate, taken legal advice, remains uncertain about whether his activities amount to regulated activities or his communications will be subject to the restriction in section 21 of the Act, may seek individual guidance from the FCA. Requests for individual guidance should be made in line with SUP 9.
PERG 1.5.3GRP
In addition, the FCA has established a team to provide general assistance and guidance to persons generally about the scope of the Act. Enquiries of this kind may be made:(1) by authorised firms, to either the Contact Centre (email firm.queries@fca.org.uk, Tel 0300 500 05977) or their normal supervisory contact; or77(2) by individuals or non-authorised firms, to the Consumer Contact Centre (email ccc@fca.org.uk, Tel 0800 111 6768 ).8
PERG 1.5.4GRP
The FCA will review its general guidance from time to time and may need to amend or withdraw published or written guidance in the light of changing circumstances, developing business practices, or case law. For the status of guidance issued by the FCA, see PERG 1.3.1 G.
SUP 14.2.16GRP
The relevant requirement in regulation 7A(3) is that the Home State regulator has informed the FCA that it has approved the proposed change.
SUP 14.2.19GRP
10The relevant requirements in regulation 7B(4) are that: (1) the incoming EEA firm has given a notice to the FCA and its home state regulator stating the details of the proposed changes; and (2) either: (a) the FCA has informed the incoming EEA firm that it may make the change; or(b) a period of one month has elapsed beginning with the day on which the incoming EEA firm gave the notice under (1).
SUP 14.2.20GRP
10Where the change arises from circumstances beyond the incoming EEA firm's control, the incoming EEA firm is required by regulation 7B(5) to give notice to the FCA and to its Home State regulator stating the details of the change, as soon as reasonably practicable.
SUP 14.2.21GRP
10The FCA believes that, for a change to arise from circumstances beyond the control of an incoming EEA firm, the circumstances should be outside the control of the incoming EEA firm as a whole and not just its UKbranch. For example, the FCA considers that this provision would be unlikely to apply to circumstances in which lack of planning at the incoming EEA firm's head office resulted in a problem arising in a UKbranch. In practice, therefore, use of this provision is likely
CASS 11.11.11GRP
In seeking to comply with its obligation to carry out checks on its internal records and accounts, a CASS small debt management firm may choose to follow the steps specifically required of CASS large debt management firms in undertaking a CASS large debt management firm internal client money reconciliation and CASS large debt management firm external client money reconciliation. A CASS small debt management firm which follows that procedure is likely to be regarded by the FCA
CASS 11.11.27GRP
The FCA expects a CASS large debt management firm which carries out transactions for its clients on a daily basis to carry out a CASS large debt management firm external client money reconciliation on a daily basis.
CASS 11.11.30RRP
A CASS debt management firm must inform the FCA in writing without delay if:(1) its internal records and accounts of client money are materially out of date or materially inaccurate so that the firm is no longer able to comply with the requirements in CASS 11.11.1 R to CASS 11.11.4 R; or(2) it becomes aware that, at any time in the preceding 12 months, the amount of client money segregated in its client bank accounts materially differed from the total aggregate amount of client
CASS 11.11.31RRP
A CASS large debt management firm must inform the FCA in writing without delay if:(1) after having carried out a CASS large debt management firm internal client money reconciliation in accordance with CASS 11.11.13 R it will be unable to, or materially fails to, pay any shortfall into (or withdraw any excess from) a client bank account so that the firm is unable to comply with CASS 11.11.23 R;(2) after having carried out a CASS large debt management firm external client money
PR 4.1.3RRP
(1) If an offer is made, or admission to trading is sought, in one or more EEA States excluding the United Kingdom and the United Kingdom is the Home State, the prospectus must be drawn up in a language accepted by the competent authorities of those EEA States or in a language customary in the sphere of international finance, at the choice of the issuer, offeror or person requesting admission (as the case may be). [ Note: article 19.2 PD ](2) For the purpose of the scrutiny by
PR 4.1.5GRP
English is a language accepted by the FCA where the United Kingdom is a Home State or Host State.
PR 4.1.5AGRP
2The FCA will consider a language to be customary in the sphere of international finance if documents in that language are accepted for scrutiny and filing in at least three international capital markets in each of the following:(1) Europe;(2) Asia; and(3) the Americas.
APER 4.6.2GRP
1In the opinion of the FCA, conduct of the type described in APER 4.6.3G, APER 4.6.5G, APER 4.6.6G or APER 4.6.8G does not comply with Statement of Principle 6.
APER 4.6.10GRP
1In determining whether or not the conduct of an approved person performing an accountable higher management function under APER 4.6.5G, APER 4.6.6G and APER 4.6.8G complies with Statement of Principle 6, the following are factors which, in the opinion of the FCA, are to be taken into account:(1) the competence, knowledge or seniority of the delegate; and (2) the past performance and record of the delegate.
APER 4.6.11GRP
An approved person performing an accountable higher management function1 will not always manage the business on a day-to-day basis1. The extent to which the approved person1 does so will depend on a number of factors, including the nature, scale and complexity of the business and their1 position within it. The larger and more complex the business, the greater the need for clear and effective delegation and reporting lines. The FCA1 will look to the approved person performing an
APER 4.6.13GRP
(1) An approved person performing an accountable higher management function1may delegate the investigation, resolution or management of an issue or authority for dealing with a part of the business to individuals who report to them 1or to others.(2) The approved person performing an accountable higher management function1should have reasonable grounds for believing that the delegate has the competence, knowledge, skill and time to deal with the issue. For instance, if the compliance
SUP 16.6.3AGRP
13The FCA performs part of its supervision work by reviewing and analysing information about firms' records of compliance with the requirements and standards under the regulatory system. The type of report the FCA requires will vary, depending on the type of business a firm undertakes. This information helps the FCA to determine whether a firm is complying with the requirements applicable to its business, and what procedures it is operating to ensure its compliance.
SUP 16.6.4RRP
A bank must submit compliance reports to the FCA8 in accordance with SUP 16.6.5 R.41313
SUP 16.6.8RRP
(1) The report from a trustee of an AUT to the FCA13 must state, in relation to the manager of each AUT for which it is a trustee, the number of times during the quarter in which facts came to the firm's knowledge from which it appeared, or might have appeared, that the manager had failed (materially or otherwise) to: 13(a) give correct instructions to the trustee to create or cancel units in the AUT when the manager should have done so, and the error: (i) resulted in the creation
PERG 7.4.3GRP
(1) There are two specified formats for advice appearing in writing or other legible form.(2) The first is that of a newspaper, journal, magazine or other periodical publication. For these purposes it does not matter what form the periodical publication takes as long as it can be read. This will include, for example, a newspaper appearing as a hard copy or electronically on a website. It will also include any periodical published on an intranet site.(3) The second is that of a
PERG 7.4.4GRP
The third specified format is for advice in any service consisting of the broadcast or transmission of television or radio programmes. This will encompass the transmission through cable of interactive television programmes. In the FCA's view, ‘service’ in this context goes beyond any particular series of programmes broadcast or transmitted through a given medium. It refers instead to the administrative system (usually aimed at a particular audience) through which a range of different
PERG 7.4.9GRP
For the second disqualifying purpose, the focus switches to assessing whether the principal purpose of a publication or service is to lead a person to engage in a relevant transaction or enable him to do so. This disqualifying purpose is an alternative to the first. So it extends to material not covered by the first. In this respect:(1) material in a publication or service that invites or seeks to procure persons to engage in a relevant transaction can be said to "lead" to those
PERG 7.4.11GRP
In the context of the second disqualifying purpose, whether or not the presence of a hypertext link to another website indicates that the purposes of a publication or service include leading to relevant transactions (or enabling them to be entered into) will depend on all the circumstances. It will, in particular, be necessary to consider the form of the link and the content of the destination website. In the FCA's view, the presence on a host publication or service of a hypertext
SUP 10C.5.5GRP
In some firms, the chairman of the nomination committee is also the chairman of the governing body. As being chairman of the governing body is a PRA controlled function, the chairman may not need approval to perform the chair of the nomination committee function but instead just need PRA approval for being chairman of the governing body. (See SUP 10C.9 (Minimising overlap with the PRA approved persons regime) for an explanation of when PRA approval means that FCA approval is
SUP 10C.5.6GRP
(1) As explained in SUP 10C.7.4G, the FCA does not expect a non-executive director ever to perform the other overall responsibility function.(2) Therefore, a non-executive director will not need to be approved to perform any FCA-designated senior management function unless they perform the chair of the nomination committee function.
SUP 10C.5.7GRP
See MIPRU 2.2 for how the FCA's senior management regime for relevant authorised persons is adjusted for a firm carrying on insurance mediation activity.
LR 17.3.1RRP
(1) An issuer must forward to the FCA, for publication through the document viewing facility, two copies of any document required by LR 17.3 or LR 17.4 at the same time the document is issued.(2) An issuer must notify a RIS as soon as possible when a document has been forwarded to the FCA under paragraph (1) unless the full text of the document is provided to the RIS.(3) A notification made under paragraph (2) must set out where copies of the relevant document can be obtain
LR 17.3.2RRP
(1) An issuer'ssecurities must be admitted to trading on a RIE's market for listed securities at all times.(2) An issuer must inform the FCA in writing without delay if it has:(a) requested a RIE to admit or re-admit any of its listed securities to trading; or(b) requested a RIE to cancel or suspend trading of any of its listed securities; or(c) been informed by a RIE that the trading of any of its listed securities will be cancelled or suspended.
LR 17.3.5GRP
(1) If an issuer prepares both own and consolidated annual accounts it may publish either form provided that the unpublished accounts do not contain any significant additional information.1(2) If the annual accounts do not give a true and fair view of the assets and liabilities, financial position and profits or losses of the issuer or group, additional information must be provided to the satisfaction of the FCA.1(3) An issuer incorporated or established in a non-EEA State which
LR 17.3.10RRP
An issuer must ensure that any circular it issues to holders of its listed securities about proposed amendments to a trust deed includes:(1) an explanation of the effect of the proposed amendments; and(2) either the full terms of the proposed amendments, or a statement that they will be available for inspection:(a) from the date the circular is sent until the close of the relevant general meeting at a place in or near the City of London or such other place as the FCA may determine;
APER 1.1A.1RRP
1APER applies to FCA-approved persons and PRA-approved persons who fall under (1) or (2):(1) approved persons of firms that are not:(a) relevant authorised persons; or(b) Solvency II firms or small non-directive insurers2; or(2) approved persons approved to perform a controlled function in SUP 10A.1.15R to SUP 10A.1.16BR (appointed representatives).
APER 1.1A.1AGRP
(1) 1APER does not apply to FCA-approved persons or PRA-approved persons of relevant authorised persons2, Solvency II firms or small non-directive insurers2. COCON applies instead. For the purposes of APER (and SYSC, SUP 10A, COCON and DEPP) a large non-directive insurer is treated as and included in the Glossary definition of a Solvency II firm2. (2) However, APER applies to approved persons approved to perform a controlled function under SUP 10A.1.15R to SUP 10A.1.16BR (appointed
APER 1.1A.6GRP
APER 1.1A.7 G gives examples of the effect of APER 1.1A.1R and APER 1.1A.2R1. The first column says whether the example involves an FCA-approved person and the second column says whether the example involves a PRA-approved person. So for example if there is a "Yes" in both columns that means that the example concerns a person who has been approved both by the FCA and by the PRA. The third column explains what functions APER covers in the scenario set out in the first two columns.
APER 1.1A.7GRP

Table: Examples of what activities APER covers

FCA approved

PRA approved

Coverage of APER

FCA-authorised person

(1) Yes, in relation to firm A

Not applicable

Applies to the FCAcontrolled function. Also applies to any other function performed for firm A in relation to the carrying on by firm A of a regulated activity even if it is not a controlled function.

(2) Yes, in relation to firm A. No, in relation to firm B,

Not applicable

In relation to firm A, the answer is the same as for scenario (1). However, APER does not apply to any function that the approved person carries on in relation to firm B even if that function relates to regulated activities carried out by firm B. However, if the function that he performs in relation to firm B is a controlled function the approved person and firm B may be subject to legal sanctions (see SUP 10A.13.1 G to SUP 10A.13.2 G).

PRA-authorised person that is not a relevant authorised person, or a Solvency II firm or a small non-directive insurer.2

1

(3) Yes, in relation to firm A

No

The answer is the same as for scenario (1).

(4) No

Yes, in relation to firm A

Applies to PRAcontrolled function. Also applies to any other function performed for firm A in relation to the carrying on by firm A of a regulated activity even if it is not a controlled function.

(5) Yes, in relation to firm A

Yes, in relation to firm A

Applies to FCAcontrolled function and PRAcontrolled function. Also applies to any other function performed for firm A in relation to the carrying on by firm A of a regulated activity even if it is not a controlled function.

(6) Yes, in relation to firm A. No, in relation to firm B,

Yes, in relation to firm A. No, in relation to firm B,

In relation to firm A, the answer is the same as for scenario (5). However, APER does not apply to any function that the approved person carries on in relation to firm B even if that function relates to regulated activities carried out by firm B. However, if the function that he performs in relation to firm B is a controlled function the approved person and firm B may be subject to legal sanctions (see SUP 10A.13.1 G to SUP 10A.13.21G).

1PRA-authorised person that is a relevant authorised person, a Solvency II firm or a small non-directive insurer2.

1(7) Yes, in relation to firm A

No

No. APER does not apply to approved persons of relevant authorised persons, Solvency II firms or small non-directive insurers2. COCON applies instead.

1(8) No

Yes, in relation to firm A

The answer is the same as for scenario (7).

1(9) Yes, in relation to firm A

Yes, in relation to firm A

The answer is the same as for scenario (7).

CASS 11.2.4RRP
Once every calendar year, a CASS debt management firm must notify the FCA, in writing, of the information in (1), (2) or (3), as applicable, and the information in (4), in each case no later than the day specified in (1) to (4):(1) if it held client money in the previous calendar year, the highest total amount of client money held during the previous calendar year, notification of which must be made no later than the fifteenth business day of January; or (2) if it did not hold
CASS 11.2.7RRP
(1) Notwithstanding CASS 11.2.3 R, provided that the conditions in (2) are satisfied, a CASS debt management firm that would otherwise be classified as a CASS small debt management firm under the limits provided for in CASS 11.2.3 R may elect to be treated as a CASS large debt management firm.(2) The conditions to which (1) refers are that in either case: (a) the election is notified to the FCA in writing;(b) the notification in accordance with (a) is made at least one week before
CASS 11.2.8RRP
A firm's 'CASS debt management firm type' and any change to it takes effect:(1) if the firm notifies the FCA in accordance with CASS 11.2.4 R (1) or CASS 11.2.4 R (2), on 1 February following the notification; or(2) if the firm notifies the FCA in accordance with CASS 11.2.4 R (3), on the day it begins to hold client money; or(3) if the firm makes an election under CASS 11.2.7 R and provided the conditions in CASS 11.2.7 R (2) are satisfied, on the day the notification made under
CASS 11.2.9GRP
Any written notification made to the FCA under this chapter should be marked for the attention of: "Debt Management Client Assets Firm Classification".
PERG 5.1.1GRP
This chapter applies principally to any person who needs to know whether he carries on insurance mediation activities and is thereby subject to FCA regulation. As such it will be of relevance among others to:(1) insurance brokers;(2) insurance advisers;(3) insurance undertakings; and(4) other persons involved in the sale and administration of contracts of insurance, even where these activities are secondary to their main business.
PERG 5.1.7GRP
This guidance is issued under section 139A of the Act (Guidance). It is designed to throw light on particular aspects of regulatory requirements, not to be an exhaustive description of a person's obligations. If a person acts in line with the guidance and the circumstances contemplated by it, then the FCA will proceed on the footing that the person has complied with aspects of the requirement to which the guidance relates.
PERG 5.1.8GRP
Rights conferred on third parties cannot be affected by guidance given by the FCA. This guidance represents the FCA's view, and does not bind the courts, for example, in relation to the enforceability of a contract where there has been a breach of the general prohibition on carrying on a regulated activity in the United Kingdom without authorisation (see sections 26 to 29 of the Act (Enforceability of Agreements)).
IFPRU 11.5.7RRP
(1) The following must apply to their consolidating supervisor for approval of any proposed RRD group financial support agreement or of any amendment to that agreement:(a) a firm that is the EEA parent undertaking of an RRD group;(b) a qualifying parent undertaking that is the EEA parent undertaking of an RRD group; and(c) an IFPRU 730k firm that is a subsidiary of an EEA parent undertaking of an RRD group: (i) where the EEA parent undertaking is an EEA parent financial holding
IFPRU 11.5.8GRP
The FCA will not approve an RRD group financial support agreement unless:(1) in its opinion, none of the parties has infringed an RRD early intervention condition or is likely to infringe one of those conditions in the near future;(2) the agreement complies with the conditions for entering into an RRD group financial support agreement in IFPRU 11.5.9 R to IFPRU 11.5.12 R; and(3) the terms of the proposed agreement are consistent with the conditions for giving financial support
IFPRU 11.5.15GRP
The FCA may modify or waive the requirements of IFPRU 11.5.14R (8) if the conditions in section 138A (modification or waiver of rules) of the Act are met.[Note: article 23(1)(g) of RRD]
IFPRU 11.5.20RRP
An RRD group member may only give financial support using an RRD group financial support agreement if the FCA has:(1) agreed to the giving of the support with restrictions; or(2) agreed to the giving of the support without restrictions; or(3) not prohibited the support within five business days of receiving a notice of intention to give financial support.[Note: article 25(2) and (5) of RRD]
LR 4.2.1GRP
Section 80 (1) of the Act (general duty of disclosure in listing particulars) requires listing particulars submitted to the FCA to contain all such information as investors and their professional advisers would reasonably require, and reasonably expect to find there, for the purpose of making an informed assessment of:(1) the assets and liabilities, financial position, profits and losses, and prospects of the issuer of the securities; and(2) the rights attaching to the securi
LR 4.2.5GRP
For all other issues the FCA would expect issuers to follow the most appropriate schedules and building blocks in the PD Regulation to determine the minimum information to be included in listing particulars.
LR 4.2.9GRP
Under section 82 of the Act (exemptions from disclosure) the FCA may authorise the omission from listing particulars of information on specified grounds.
LR 4.2.10RRP
A request to the FCA to authorise the omission of specific information in a particular case must:(1) be in writing from the issuer;(2) identify the specific information concerned and the specific reasons for the omission; and(3) state why in the issuer's opinion one or more of the grounds in section 82 of the Act applies.
SUP 10A.9.2GRP
The FCA anticipates that there will be only a few firms needing to seek approval for an individual to perform the significant management function set out in SUP 10A.9.1R (1). In most firms, those approved for the FCA governing functions, FCA required functions and, where appropriate, the systems and controls function or the equivalent PRA controlled functions, are likely to exercise all the significant influence at senior management level.
SUP 10A.9.3GRP
A proprietary trader undertakes activities with the firm'smoney and has the ability to commit the firm. By virtue of this role, all proprietary traders have potential to be able to exercise significant influence on the firm for the purposes of the definition of significant-influence function. Therefore, it is the FCA's expectation that all firms will assess all their proprietary traders to ascertain the ones for whom approval is required.
SUP 10A.9.6GRP
The question may arise whether a manager who is based overseas will be performing the significant management function under SUP 10A.9.9 R and should, therefore, be an FCA-approved person. This is especially true where the firm operates matrix management. The fact there is a person performing the apportionment and oversight function, and who has responsibility for activities subject to regulation by the FCA, may have a bearing on this. It is a factor to take into account when assessing
A firm is not subject to consolidated supervision under the rules in this Chapter where any of the following conditions are fulfilled: (1) the firm is included in the supervision on a consolidated basis of the group of which it is a member by a competent authority other than the FCA; or (2) the firm is a member of a UK consolidation group already included in the supervision on a consolidated basis of the group of which it is a member by the FCA under BIPRU 8; or (3) the firm
A firm need not meet the requirements in rules 14.3.1 and 14.3.2 if: (1) there is no credit institution in the group; (2) no firm in the group deals in investments as principal, except where it is dealing solely as a result of its activity of operating a collective investment scheme, or where the firm's positions fulfil the CAD Article 5 exempting criteria; (3) [Deleted](4) the firm notifies
If the firm notifies the FCA under rule 14.1.4 that it will not apply the rules in this section, it must: (1) submit to FCA a consolidated supervision return within the time period specified by SUP 16, together with a consolidated profit and loss account; (2) ensure that each firm in the group deducts from its solo financial resources any quantifiable contingent liability in respect of other group entities; (3) ensure that the solo financial
(1) [Deleted](2) The conditions in rule 14.1.5 aim to ensure that the firm is protected from weaknesses in other group entities. (3) In rule 14.1.5(2), contingent liabilities includes direct and indirect guarantees. (4) 14.1.5(3) aims to ensure that the expenditure-based requirement incorporates the firm's actual ongoing annual expenditures (including any share of depreciation on fixed assets) where these have been met by another group entity. (5) The FCA