Related provisions for BIPRU 8.7.17

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BIPRU 2.2.27GRP
(1) This paragraph applies to a proportional ICAAP in the case of a firm whose activities are complex.(2) A proportional approach to that firm'sICAAP should cover the matters identified in BIPRU 2.2.26 G, but is likely also to involve the use of models, most of which will be integrated into its day-to-day management and operation.(3) Models of the sort referred to in (2) may be linked so as to generate an overall estimate of the amount of capital that a firm considers appropriate
BIPRU 2.2.33GRP
A firm should assess, and monitor, in detail its exposure to sectoral, geographic, liability and asset concentrations. The FSA considers that concentrations in these areas increase a firm's exposure to credit risk. Where a firm identifies such concentrations it should consider the adequacy of its CRR.
BIPRU 2.2.41RRP
A firm with an IRB permission must ensure that there is no significant risk that it will not be able to meet its capital resource requirements for credit risk under GENPRU 2.1 (Calculation of capital resources requirements) at all times throughout an economic cycle, including the capital resources requirements for credit risk indicated by any stress test carried out under BIPRU 4.3.39 R to BIPRU 4.3.40 R (Stress tests used in assessment of capital adequacy for a firm with an IRB
BIPRU 2.2.45GRP
The countervailing factors and off-setting actions that a firm may rely on as referred to in BIPRU 2.2.44 G include, but are not limited to, projected balance sheet shrinkage, growth in capital resources resulting from retained profits between the date of the stress test and the projected start of the economic downturn, the possibility of raising new capital in a downturn, the ability to reduce dividend payments or other distributions, and the ability to allocate capital from
BIPRU 2.2.67GRP
Where a securities firm deals in illiquid securities (for example, unlisted securities or securities listed on illiquid markets), or holds illiquid assets, potentially large losses can arise from trades that have failed to settle or because of large unrealised market losses. A securities firm may therefore consider the impact of liquidity risk on its exposure to:(1) credit risk; and(2) market risk.
BIPRU 7.2.44RRP

Table: specific risk PRAs

This table belongs to BIPRU 7.2.43R.

Issuer

Residual maturity

PRA

Debt securities issued or guaranteed by central governments, issued by central banks, international organisations, multilateral development banks or EEA States' regional governments or local authorities which would qualify for credit quality step 1 or which would receive a 0% risk weight under the standardised approach to credit risk.

Any

0%

(A) Debt securities issued or guaranteed by central governments, issued by central banks, international organisations, multilateral development banks or EEA States' regional governments or local authorities which would qualify for credit quality step 2 or 3 under the standardised approach to credit risk.

(B) Debt securities issued or guaranteed by institutions which would qualify for credit quality step 1 or 2 under the standardised approach to credit risk.

(C) Debt securities issued or guaranteed by institution which would qualify for credit quality step 3 under BIPRU 3.4.34 R (Exposures to institutions: Credit assessment based method) or which would do so if it had an original effective maturity of three months or less.

(D) Debt securities issued or guaranteed by corporates which would qualify for credit quality step 1, 2 or 32 under the standardised approach to credit risk.

(E) Other qualifying debt securities (see BIPRU 7.2.49R)

2

Zero to six months

0.25%

over 6 and up to and including 24 months

1%

Over 24 months

1.6%

(A) Debt securities issued or guaranteed by central governments, issued by central banks, international organisations, multilateral development banks or EEA States' regional governments or local authorities or institutions which would qualify for credit quality step 4 or 5 under the standardised approach to credit risk.

(B) Debt securities issued or guaranteed by corporates which would qualify for credit quality step 4 under the standardised approach to credit risk.

(C) Exposures for which a credit assessment by a nominated ECAI is not available.

2

Any

8%

(A) Debt securities issued or guaranteed by central governments, issued by central banks, international organisations, multilateral development banks or EEA States' regional governments or local authorities or institution which would qualify for credit quality step 6 under the standardised approach to credit risk.

(B) Debt securities issued or guaranteed by corporate which would qualify for credit quality step 5 or 6 under the standardised approach to credit risk.

(C) An instrument that shows a particular risk because of the insufficient solvency of the issuer of liquidity. This paragraph applies even if the instrument would otherwise qualify for a lower PRA under this table.

Any

12%

Note: The question of what a corporate is and of what category a debt security falls into must be decided under the rules relating to the standardised approach to credit risk.

[Note:CAD Annex I point 14 Table 1]2

BIPRU 7.2.45RRP
To the extent that a firm applies the IRB approach, to qualify for a credit quality step for the purpose of the table in BIPRU 7.2.44R the obligor of the exposure must have an internal rating with a PD equivalent to or lower than that associated with the appropriate credit quality step under the standardised approach to credit risk.
BIPRU 7.2.48CRRP
3When calculating the PRR of a protection seller in securitisation and resecuritisation credit derivatives, a firm must apply BIPRU 7.11.3 R.
BIPRU 7.2.48DRRP

Table: specific risk PRAs- standardised approach

3Credit quality step

1

2

3

4 (only for credit assessments other than short-term credit assessments)

All other credit quality steps

Securitisations

1.6%

4%

8%

28%

100%

Resecuritisations

3.2%

8%

18%

52%

100%

A firm may only apply the PRAs in this table where it would have to calculate a risk weighted exposure amount in accordance with the standardised approach to securitisation and resecuritisation positions if such positions were in its non-trading book under BIPRU 9. The appropriate PRA is calculated as 8% of the risk weight that would apply to the position under the standardised approach in BIPRU 9.11.2 R, subject to the requirements of BIPRU 9.9 to BIPRU 9.11, where appropriate.
BIPRU 7.2.48ERRP

Table: specific risk PRAs - IRB approach

3Credit Quality Step

Securitisation positions

Resecuritisation positions

Credit assessments other than short term

Short-term credit assessments

A

B

C

D

E

1

1

0.56%

0.96%

1.6%

1.6%

2.4%

2

0.64%

1.20%

2%

2%

3.2%

3

0.8%

1.44%

2.8%

2.8%

4%

4

2

0.96%

1.6%

3.2%

5.2%

5

1.60%

2.8%

4.8%

8%

6

2.8%

4%

8%

12%

7

3

4.8%

6%

12%

18%

8

8%

16%

28%

9

20%

24%

40%

10

34%

40%

52%

11

52%

60%

68%

all other unrated

100%

A firm may only apply the PRAs in this table where it would have to calculate a risk weighted exposure amount in accordance with the IRB approach to securitisation and resecuritisation positions if such positions were in its non-trading book under BIPRU 9. The appropriate PRA is calculated as 8% of the risk weight that would apply to the position under the IRB approach in BIPRU 9.12.11 R, subject to the requirements in BIPRU 9.12 where appropriate.
BIPRU 7.2.49RRP
A debt security is a qualifying debt security if:(1) it qualifies for a credit quality step under the standardised approach to credit risk corresponding at least to investment grade; or(2) it has a PD which, because of the solvency of the issuer, is not higher than that of the debt securities referred to under (1) under the IRB approach; or(3) it is a debt security for which a credit assessment by a nominated ECAI is unavailable and which meets the following conditions:(a) it
BIPRU 4.4.1RRP
(1) This section applies with respect to the sovereign, institution and corporate IRB exposure class.(2) The sovereign, institution and corporate IRB exposure class includes specialised lending exposures.(3) Both BIPRU 4.4 and BIPRU 4.5 (Specialised lending exposures) apply to specialised lending exposures. A firm may calculate risk weighted exposure amounts for a specialised lending exposure either:(a) (if it is able to do so) in accordance with BIPRU 4.4; or(b) in accordance
BIPRU 4.4.37RRP
(1) The exposure value for the items set out in this rule must be calculated as the committed but undrawn amount multiplied by the applicable conversion factor set out in this rule.(2) For credit lines which are uncommitted, that are unconditionally cancellable at any time by the firm without prior notice, or that effectively provide for automatic cancellation due to deterioration in a borrower's credit worthiness, a conversion factor of 0 % applies. To apply a conversion factor
BIPRU 4.4.77RRP
Notwithstanding BIPRU 4.4.76 R, the exposure value of credit risk exposures outstanding, as determined by the firm, with a central counterparty must be determined in accordance with BIPRU 13.3.3 R and BIPRU 13.8.8 R (Exposure to central counterparty), provided that the central counterparty'sCCRexposures with all participants in its arrangements are fully collateralised on a daily basis.[Note:BCD Annex VII Part 3 point 8]
BIPRU 4.4.79RRP
The risk weighted exposure amount for each exposure which meets the requirements set out in BIPRU 5.7.2 R and BIPRU 4.4.83 R (Double default) may be adjusted according to the following formula:(1) Risk weighted exposure amount = RW *exposure value * (0.15 + 160*PDpp)](2) PDpp = PD of the protection provider(3) RW must be calculated using the relevant risk weight formula set out in BIPRU 4.4.57 R for the exposure, the PD of the obligor and the LGD of a comparable direct exposure
BIPRU 4.4.85RRP
To be eligible for the treatment set out in BIPRU 4.4.79 R, credit protection deriving from a guarantee or credit derivative must meet the following conditions:(1) the underlying obligation must be to:(a) a corporate exposure, excluding an exposure to an insurance undertaking (including an insurance undertaking that carries out reinsurance); or(b) an exposure to a regional government, local authority or public sector entity which is not treated as an exposure to a central government
BIPRU 5.3.2RRP
Without prejudice to BIPRU 5.6.1 R, eligibility is limited to reciprocal cash balances between a firm and a counterparty. Only loans and deposits of the lending firm may be subject to a modification of risk weighted exposure amounts and, as relevant, expected loss amounts as a result of an on-balance sheet netting agreement.[Note: BCD Annex VIII Part 1 point 4]
BIPRU 5.3.3RRP
For on-balance sheet netting agreements - other than master netting agreements covering repurchase transactions, securities or commodities lending or borrowing transactions and/or other capital market-driven transactions – to be recognised for the purposes of BIPRU 5 the following conditions must be satisfied:(1) they must be legally effective and enforceable in all relevant jurisdictions, including in the event of the insolvency or bankruptcy of a counterparty;(2) the firm must
BIPRU 13.2.1RRP
If the calculation of the amount of an exposure or of a combination of exposures under BIPRU 13 would materially understate the amount of the counterparty credit risk the firm must increase the amount of the credit risk capital requirement by an amount sufficient to compensate for that understatement.
BIPRU 13.2.2RRP
If a firm in relation to an exposure covered by BIPRU 13:(1) has an exposure of a non-standard type; or(2) an exposure that is part of a non-standard arrangement; or(3) has an exposure that, taken together with other exposures (whether or not they are subject to BIPRU 13), gives rise to a non-standard counterparty credit risk; or(4) is subject to the rule in BIPRU 13.2.1 R;it must notify the FSA as soon as practicable of that fact, the counterparty involved, the nature of the
BIPRU 4.2.2RRP
A firm's systems for the management and rating of credit risk exposures must be sound and implemented with integrity and, in particular, they must meet the following standards in accordance with the minimum IRB standards:(1) the firm'srating systems provide for a meaningful assessment of obligor and transaction characteristics, a meaningful differentiation of risk and accurate and consistent quantitative estimates of risk;(2) internal ratings and default and loss estimates used
BIPRU 4.2.7GRP
(1) This paragraph provides guidance on BIPRU 4.2.2 R and in particular BIPRU 4.2.2 R (2).(2) The IRB approach as applicable to a firm should be an integral part of its business and risk management processes and procedures to the extent that credit risk is relevant to them. It should also have a substantial influence on its decision-making and actions.21(a) particular regard should be had to the use of the IRB approach in: (i) credit approval;(ii) individual and portfolio limit
BIPRU 4.2.9GRP
If a firm uses scorecards for its internal credit approval process and the models it uses for the purpose of the IRB approach are fundamentally different from those scorecards, a firm's demonstration of how this is compatible with BIPRU 4.2.2 R (2) might include demonstrating that estimates calculated under the IRB approach are used to change sanctioning decisions at an individual or portfolio level. Examples of this might include amending cut-offs, the application of policy rules,
BIPRU 4.2.30RRP
(1) This rule sets out what must be treated as being non-significant business or immaterial for the purposes of BIPRU 4.2.26 R (4), for exposures that do not fall within the equity exposureIRB exposure class.(2) A firm may elect permanently to exclude exposures from the IRB approach and apply the standardised approach. However a firm may only make use of this exemption to the extent that:(a) the consolidated credit risk requirement (adjusted under (6)) so far as it is attributable
BIPRU 13.6.35ARRP
3Where appropriate, volatilities and correlations of market risk factors used in the joint simulation of market risk and credit risk must be conditioned on the credit risk factor to reflect potential increases in volatility or correlation in an economic downturn.[Note: BCD Annex III Part 6 point 14]
BIPRU 13.6.41RRP
(1) The firm must have a control unit that is responsible for the design and implementation of its CCR management system, including the initial and on-going validation of the model.(2) This unit must control input data integrity and produce and analyse reports on the output of the firm's risk measurement model, including an evaluation of the relationship between measures of risk exposure and credit and trading limits.(3) This unit must be:(a) independent from units responsible
BIPRU 13.6.57RRP
(1) A firm must stress test its CCRexposures, including jointly stressing market risk and credit risk factors.(2) In its stress tests of CCR, a firm must consider concentration risk (to a single counterparty or groups of counterparties), correlation risk across market risk and credit risk, and the risk that liquidating the counterparty's positions could move the market.(3) In its stress tests a firm must also consider the impact on its own positions of such market moves and integrate
BIPRU 13.6.67RRP
(1) A firm'sCCR internal model method model must meet the validation requirements in (2) to (8).(2) The qualitative validation requirements set out in BIPRU 7.10 must be met.(3) Interest rates, foreign currency rates, equity prices, commodities, and other market risk factors must be forecast over long time horizons for measuring CCRexposure. The performance of the forecasting model for market risk factors must be validated over a long time horizon.(4) The pricing models used to
GENPRU 2.2.44RRP
Tier one capital and tier two capital are the only type of capital resources that a BIPRU firm may use for the purpose of meeting:(1) the credit risk capital component;(2) the operational risk capital requirement;(3) the counterparty risk capital component; and(4) the base capital resources requirement.
GENPRU 2.2.55GRP
The combined credit, operational and counterparty1 risk capital requirement is deducted after stage N of the capital resources table and the market risk requirement following stage T of the capital resources table. These calculations are shown in the table in GENPRU 2.2.56 G.
GENPRU 2.2.56GRP

This table belongs to GENPRU 2.2.55 G

Description of the stage of the capital resources calculation

Stage in the capital resources table

Amount (£)

Total tier one capital and tier two capital after deductions

Stage N

140

Credit, operational, and counterparty1 risk requirement

(100)

Tier one capital and tier two capital available to meet market risk requirement

40

Tier three capital

Stage Q

50

Total capital available to meet market risk requirement

90

Market risk requirement

(90)

Market risk requirement met subject to meeting gearing limit set out in GENPRU 2.2.49 R – see GENPRU 2.2.57 G

GENPRU 2.2.58GRP
In this example it is assumed that the maximum possible amount of tier one capital is carried forward to meet the market risk requirement. There are other options as to the allocation of tier one capital and tier two capital to the credit, operational, and counterparty1 risk requirement.1In order to calculate the relevant tier one capital for the upper tier three gearing limit in accordance with GENPRU 2.2.49 R it is first necessary to allocate tier one capital and tier two capital
GENPRU 2.2.187RRP
A BIPRU firm which adopts the standardised approach to credit risk may include general/collective provisions in its tier two capital resources only if:(1) they are freely available to the firm;(2) their existence is disclosed in internal accounting records; and(3) their amount is determined by the management of the firm, verified by independent auditors and notified to the FSA.
BIPRU 9.12.8RRP
For an originator, a sponsor, or for other firms which can calculate KIRB, the risk weighted exposure amounts calculated in respect of its positions in a securitisation may be limited to that which would produce an amount in respect of its credit risk capital requirement equal to the sum of 8% of the risk weighted exposure amount which would be produced if the securitised assets had not been securitised and were on the balance sheet of the firm plus the expected loss amounts of
BIPRU 9.12.20RRP
(1) If:(a) a firm'sIRB permission allows it to use this treatment; and(b) the conditions in (2)(16) are satisfied,a firm may attribute to an unrated position in an asset backed commercial paper programme a derived rating as laid down in (3).(2) Positions in the commercial paper issued from the programme must be rated positions.(3) Under the ABCP internal assessment approach, the unrated position must be assigned by the firm to one of the rating grades described in (5). The position
BIPRU 9.12.22RRP
(1) Subject to any permission of the type described in BIPRU 9.12.28 G, the risk weight to be applied to the exposure amount must be:12.5 (S[L+T] - S[L]) / T(2) The remaining provisions of this paragraph define the terms used in the formulae in (1) and (3).(3) 2(4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14) (15) In these expressions, Beta [x; a, b]refers to the cumulative beta distribution with parameters a and b evaluated at x.(16) T (the thickness of the tranche in which the
BIPRU 9.1.8AGRP
(1) The FSA expects firms to conduct regular stress testing in relation to their securitisation activities and off-balance sheet exposures. The stress tests should consider the firm-wide impact of those activities and exposures in stressed market conditions and the implications for other sources of risk, for example, credit risk, concentration risk, counterparty risk, market risk, liquidity risk and reputational risk. Stress testing of securitisation activities should take into
BIPRU 9.1.9GRP
BIPRU 9 deals with:(1) requirements for investors,3originators and sponsors of securitisations of non-trading bookexposures;3(2) the calculation of risk weighted exposure amount for securitisation positions for the purposes of calculating either the credit risk capital component or the counterparty risk capital component; and3(3) the requirements that investors, originators and sponsors of securitisations in the trading book will have to meet (BIPRU 9.3.1AR, BIPRU 9.3.15R to BIPRU
BIPRU 13.3.12RRP
Notwithstanding BIPRU 13.3.1 R and BIPRU 13.3.5 R, a firm may determine the exposure value of a credit risk exposure outstanding with a central counterparty in accordance with BIPRU 13.3.13 R, provided that the central counterparty'scounterparty credit riskexposure with all participants in its arrangements are fully collateralised on a daily basis.[Note: BCD Article 78(4) in respect of financial derivatives and long settlement transactions]
BIPRU 13.3.16RRP
A firm must set the exposure value for CCR from sold credit default swaps in the non-trading book, where they are treated as credit protection provided by the firm and subject to a capital requirement for credit risk for the full notional amount, to zero.[Note: BCD Annex III Part 2 point 4]
BIPRU 9.13.1RRP
Where there is a securitisation of revolving exposures subject to an early amortisation provision, the originator must calculate an additional risk weighted exposure amount in accordance with this section in respect of the risk that the levels of credit risk to which it is exposed may increase following the operation of the early amortisation provision. Accordingly this section sets out how an originator must calculate a risk weighted exposure amount when it sells revolving exposures
BIPRU 9.13.18GRP
In the case of a securitisation meeting the conditions in this paragraph, a firm may apply to the FSA for a waiver that would allow a treatment which approximates closely to that prescribed in BIPRU 9.13.13 R to BIPRU 9.13.17 R for determining the conversion figure indicated. If a firm wants such a waiver, it should satisfy the FSA that:(1) the securitisation is subject to an early amortisation provision of retail exposures;(2) those retail exposures are uncommitted and unconditionally
BIPRU 9.14.8RRP
A firm must determine the effective risk weight of the position. It must do this by dividing the risk weighted exposure amount of the position by the exposure value of the position and multiplying the result by 100.[Note:BCD Annex IX Part 4 point 63 (part)]
BIPRU 9.14.9RRP
In the case of funded credit protection, the risk weighted exposure amount of the securitisation position must be calculated by multiplying the funded protection-adjusted exposure amount of the position (E*, as calculated under BIPRU 5.4.28 R (3), taking the amount of the securitisation position to be E) by the effective risk weight.[Note:BCD Annex IX Part 4 point 64]
GENPRU 2.3.35GRP
The effect of GENPRU 2.3.34 R is that Lloyd's members' contributions, including letters of credit, guarantees and life assurance policies, are admissible assets.
BIPRU 5.4.12RRP
The operational requirements referred to in BIPRU 5.4.9 R (3) are as follows:(1) the collateral arrangements must be properly documented, with a clear and robust procedure for the timely liquidation of collateral;(2) a firm must employ robust procedures and processes to control risks arising from the use of collateral – including risks of failed or reduced credit protection, valuation risks, risks associated with the termination of the credit protection, concentration risk arising
BIPRU 5.4.18RRP
The risk weight that would be assigned under the standardised approach to credit risk if the lending firm had a direct exposure to the collateral instrument must be assigned to those portions of exposure values4 collateralised by the market value of recognised collateral. For this purpose, the exposure value of an off-balance sheet item listed in BIPRU 3.7.2 R must be 100% of its value rather than the exposure value indicated in BIPRU 3.2.1 R.4 The risk weight of the collateralised
BIPRU 5.4.64RRP
Core market participant means the following entities:(1) the entities mentioned in BIPRU 5.4.2 R (2)exposures to which are assigned a 0% risk weight under the standardised approach to credit risk;(2) institutions;(3) other financial companies (including insurance companies) exposures which are assigned a 20% risk weight under the standardised approach;(4) regulated CIUs that are subject to capital or leverage requirements;(5) regulated pension funds; and(6) a recognised clearing
SYSC 13.2.1GRP
SYSC 13 provides guidance on how to interpret SYSC 3.1.1 R and SYSC 3.2.6 R, which deal with the establishment and maintenance of systems and controls, in relation to the management of operational risk. Operational risk has been described by the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision as "the risk of loss, resulting from inadequate or failed internal processes, people and systems, or from external events". This chapter covers systems and controls for managing risks concerning any
BIPRU 8.9A.3RRP
In relation to a firm, intra-group exposures that are exempt under a non-core large exposures group waiver may be excluded when calculating the limits in BIPRU 10.5 (Limits on exposures) that apply to the UK consolidation group or non-EEA sub-group, provided that the total amount of such exposures and the other exposures which are exempt under a non-core large exposures group waiver do not exceed the limit in BIPRU 10.9A.7 R (Non-trading book backstop large exposure limit for
BIPRU 5.1.3GRP
BIPRU 5 sets out the principles for the recognition of credit risk mitigation in the calculation of risk weighted exposure amounts for the purposes of the calculation of the credit risk capital component.
BIPRU 5.9.2RRP
When credit protection provided by a single protection provider has differing maturities, a similar approach to that described in BIPRU 5.9.1 R must be applied.[Note: BCD Annex VIII Part 5 point 2]
BIPRU 9.2.1RRP
(1) Where a firm uses the standardised approach set out in BIPRU 3 (Standardised approach to credit risk) for the calculation of risk weighted exposure amount for the standardised credit risk exposure class to which the securitised exposures would otherwise be assigned under BIPRU 3, then it must calculate the risk weighted exposure amount for a securitisation position in accordance with the standardised approach to securitisations set out in BIPRU 9.9, BIPRU 9.10, BIPRU 9.11