Related provisions for BIPRU 7.5.12

MCOB 9.4.2R06/04/2007

An illustration provided to a customer must:(1) contain the material set out in the relevant annex to this chapter in the order and using the numbered section headings, sub-headings and text prescribed, except where this section provides otherwise;88(2) follow the format of the template in 8the relevant annex to this chapter8, with:(a) prominent use of the Key facts5 logo followed by the text 'about this lifetime mortgage' or 'about this home reversion plan'8;55(b) each section

MCOB 9.4.3G06/04/2007

(1) Further requirements regarding the use of the Key facts logo and the location of specimens are set out in GEN 5.1 and GEN 5 Annex 1 G.55(2) MCOB 9.4.2 R(3) does not prevent the use of different fonts and typefaces for headings and risk warnings. Its purpose is to prevent particular sections of the illustration from being made less prominent than other sections through the inconsistent use of font sizes and typefaces.(3) The illustration can contain the equity release provider's

MCOB 9.4.7G06/04/2007

A firm should not illustrate more than one equity release transaction8 in the same illustration, for example by using one illustration to compare alternative products.8

MCOB 9.4.9G06/04/2007

In relation to the price or value of the property8, in order for the firm to comply with the principle that an illustration should be clear, fair and not misleading8, an estimated valuation, where the estimated valuation is not that provided by the customer, must be a reasonable assessment based on all the facts available at the time. For example, an overstated valuation could enable a more attractive lifetime mortgage7 to be illustrated on the basis of a lower ratio of the loan

MCOB 9.4.10R06/04/2007

(1) In estimating the term of a lifetime mortgage or an open-ended instalment reversion plan,8 a firm must:8(a) use the following mortality table: PMA92(C=2010) and PFA92(C=2010) for males and females respectively, derivable from the Continuous Mortality Investigation Report 17, published by the Institute of Actuaries and the Faculty of Actuaries in 1999; and2(b) for the purposes of the illustration, where the table does not result in a life expectancy expressed in whole years,

MCOB 9.4.17R06/04/2007

The following information must be included at the head of the illustration: (1) the customer's name;(2) the date of issue of the illustration;(3) details of how long the illustration is valid for, and whether there is any date by which the equity release transaction8 covered by the illustration needs to commence (for example, where a fixed interest rate is only available if the lifetime mortgage8 commences before a certain date); and8(4) the prescribed text at the head of the

MCOB 9.4.23G31/10/2004

An example of the type of statement that would satisfy MCOB 9.4.22 R is:"The valuation that will be carried out on the property, and changes to any of the information you have given us, could alter the information in this illustration. If this is the case please ask for a revised illustration."

MCOB 9.4.24R06/04/2007

Under the section heading "Description of this mortgage" the illustration must:(1) state the name of the mortgage lender providing the lifetime mortgage7 to which the illustration relates (a trading name used by the mortgage lender may also be stated in accordance with MCOB 9.4.2 R(6)), and the name, if any, used to market the lifetime mortgage;777(2) include a statement describing the lifetime mortgage;77(3) if the lifetime mortgage7 is linked to an investment, and payments required

MCOB 9.4.25G06/04/2007

Examples of types of statement that would satisfy MCOB 9.4.24 R(2) are as follows (more than one may apply to particular types of lifetime mortgage7):7(1) For a roll-up of interest mortgage:"You do not have to make any repayments during the life of this lifetime mortgage. The loan, all of the interest and charges due to [name of mortgage lender] will be repaid from the sale of your home. This will happen on your death [or the death of the last borrower] or if you move home (either

MCOB 9.4.26R31/10/2004

MCOB 9.4.27 R sets out some examples of descriptions of interest rate types and rates of interest that must be used in the illustration to comply with MCOB 9.4.24 R(4). If an interest rate is not described in MCOB 9.4.27 R, it must be presented in the illustration in a way that is consistent with the descriptions in MCOB 9.4.27 R.

MCOB 9.4.27R31/10/2004

Description of interest rate types and rates of interest. This table belongs to MCOB 9.4.26R:

Description of the interest rate	Amount payable in each instalment (if applicable)
Lender's base mortgage rate - must be described as the [Lender]'s standard variable rate, currently X%, [where applicable insert the date at which the interest rate ends or period for which the interest rate applies].	Amount based on X%.
Fixed rate - must be described as fixed rate of X% [where applicable insert the date at which the interest rate ends or the period for which the interest rate applies].	Amount based on the fixed rate of X%.
Discounted rate - must be described as a variable rate, currently X%, with a discount of Y% [where applicable insert the date at which the discount ends or the period for which the discount applies], giving a current rate payable of Z%.	Amount based on Z%.
Capped rate - must be described as a variable rate, currently X%, which will not go above a ceiling of Y% [where applicable insert the date at which the capped interest rate ends or the period for which the capped interest rate applies].	Amount based on the current interest rate payable (X%).
Capped and collared - must be described as a variable rate, currently X%, which will not go below a floor of Y% or above a ceiling of Z% [where applicable insert the date at which the capped and collared interest rate ends or the period for which the capped and collared interest rate applies].	Amount based on the current interest rate payable (X%).
Tracker rate - must be described as a variable rate which is [X% above/X% below/the same as] [insert interest rate tracked, currently Z%], [where applicable insert the date at which the interest rate ends or the period for which the interest rate applies], to give a current rate payable of Y%. Details should also be provided of how soon after an interest rate change the mortgage interest rate is adjusted.	Amount based on Y%.
Deferred rate - must be described as a variable rate, currently X%, where Y% is not paid now but is added to your mortgage [where applicable insert the date at which the deferred interest rate ends or the period for which the deferred interest rate applies], to give a current rate payable of Z%.	Amount based on Z%.
Stepped rate where different interest rates apply over different time periods (for example, fixed interest rate in year 1 changes in year 2). Each element should be dealt with individually as above.	Amount for each of the 'steps'.
Combinations of the above must be treated in the same way as the descriptions above, (for example, if a discounted interest rate has a 'floor' then it must be described as such).	Follow the above treatment depending on the combination.

MCOB 9.4.28R06/04/2007

Where the loan under the lifetime mortgage7 is divided into more than one part (for example where part of the loan is a fixed interest rate and part of the loan is a discounted variable interest rate) and the firm displays this in a tabular format in the illustration:7(1) the following text must be used to introduce the table "As this lifetime mortgage is made up of more than one part, these parts are summarised below:";(2) each part must be numbered for ease of reference in the

MCOB 9.4.30G31/10/2004

An example of further information that may be included in accordance with MCOB 9.4.27 R might be that an "approval in principle" has been granted subject to valuation and satisfactory credit reference.

MCOB 9.4.32G06/04/2007

Examples of text that would satisfy MCOB 9.4.31 R(1), depending on the nature of the7lifetime mortgage,7 are:(1) "This lifetime mortgage will provide a lump sum of £[x].";(2) "The amount you are borrowing will automatically be used to purchase a [name of linked investment product] from [name of provider]. The amount is £[x]."; and(3) "You will receive a monthly [or such other frequency as is applicable] payment from the start of your lifetime mortgage. This will be £ [state a

MCOB 9.4.33R06/04/2007

The illustration must include under the heading "Risks - important things you must consider" statements and warnings on the following:(1) a brief statement of the specific circumstances in which the mortgage lender is able to repossess the property;(2) a statement of how the mortgage lender will treat any negative equity arising during the life of the lifetime mortgage7 and at the time the amount borrowed under the lifetime mortgage7 is due to be repaid in full;77(3) a statement

MCOB 9.4.37R31/10/2004

The heading of the column on the right-hand side of Section 8 of the illustration must state the frequency with which payments must be made by the customer. (For example, if payments are to be made on a monthly basis, the heading for this section must be "What you will owe and when" and the column must be headed "Monthly payments".1

MCOB 9.4.40G31/10/2004

If appropriate, the two statements required by MCOB 9.4.39 R(1) and MCOB 9.4.39 R(2) may be merged, for example "These payments are based on a loan amount of £x and assume that the lifetime mortgage will start on [dd/mm/yy].".

MCOB 9.4.41G06/04/2007

MCOB 9.4.39 R(3) applies to each interest rate charged on the lifetime mortgage7 covered by the illustration. This means that it applies to different interest rates charged at different times, for example, where the interest rate changes at the end of any initial discounted, fixed or other special interest rate period.7

MCOB 9.4.44G31/10/2004

An example of how the information required by MCOB 9.4.39 R(3) and MCOB 9.4.43 R may be presented when there is an example term of fifteen years, and an initial fixed interest rate for a period of 22 months followed by the mortgage lender's standard variable interest rate for a period of 158 months, is as follows:"22 payments at a fixed rate of [...]%followed by158 payments at a variable rate, currently [...]%.".

MCOB 9.4.47R06/04/2007

Where the loan under the lifetime mortgage7 is divided into more than one part (for example, where part of the loan is on a fixed interest rate and part on a discounted variable interest rate) and the firm displays the initial cost of all parts, and the total cost, in a tabular format in the illustration, MCOB 9.4.39 R(3) and MCOB 9.4.43 R do not apply; instead:7(1) each part must be numbered for ease of reference in the illustration;(2) the loan amounts must be totalled;(3) the

MCOB 9.4.51R06/04/2007

The table showing the projection in the section headed "Projection of roll-up of interest" should show annual details in columns under the following headings:(1) "Year": this should list the years as 1,2,3... etc. The start date for year one must be an assumed date of completion of thelifetime mortgage.7 The table must show each year of the term estimated in accordance with MCOB 9.4.10 R (or if required, MCOB 9.4.12 R).7(2) "Balance at start of year": this must show the estimated

MCOB 9.4.54R06/04/2007

(1) Except where (3) applies, where the customer is required to make payments to the mortgage lender on thelifetime mortgage,7 and the customer's payments can vary with changes in interest rates at any time during the life of thelifetime mortgage,7 Section 9: "Will the interest rate change?" must also contain the following text:"The [frequency of payments from MCOB 9.4.37 R] payments shown in this illustration could be considerably different if interest rates change. For example,

MCOB 9.4.55R06/04/2007

The amount by which the customer's payments would increase in accordance with MCOB 9.4.54 R(1) must be calculated as follows:(1) the firm must use the total amount borrowed, or assume that all payments due on the lifetime mortgage7 have actually been paid, all additional fees and payments due have been paid, and no underpayments or overpayments have been made; and7(2) the interest rate from which the increase is calculated must be the variable interest rate charged on the lifetime

MCOB 9.4.64R31/10/2004

Section 10: "How the value of your home could change" must contain the following text in addition to the text in accordance with MCOB 9.4.62 R or MCOB 9.4.63 R:"Based on the estimated value of your home now of [insert amount from MCOB 9.4.6 R(3)] this example shows what the value of your home would be after [insert term from MCOB 9.4.10 R or MCOB 9.4.12 R] years if the value went up by 1% each year or went down by 1% each year. Remember also that the mortgage may run for more

MCOB 9.4.66G06/04/2007

An example of a fee that would be included in Section 11 would be an administrative charge to redeem thelifetime mortgage.7 An example of a fee that would not be included would be a fee payable by the customer to insure their property elsewhere (however this would need to be stated in the separate "Insurance" section as required by MCOB 9.4.72 R). Where fees are payable only on early repayment of thelifetime mortgage.7 they should not be stated here (however these fees would need

MCOB 9.4.68R06/04/2007

The following information must be provided for each fee included in this section of the illustration in accordance with MCOB 9.4.65 R(1):(1) a description of the fee;(2) the amount payable by the customer recorded in a column headed "Fee amount" on the right-hand side of this section;(3) for fees included under the sub-heading "Other fees", to whom the fee is payable;(4) when the fee is payable;(5) whether or not the fee is refundable, and if so, the extent to which it is refundable;(6)

MCOB 9.4.69R31/10/2004

(1) If a higher lending charge is payable by the customer, the following text must be used to describe such a charge for the purposes of MCOB 9.4.68 R:"A higher lending charge is payable because you are borrowing [insert the ratio of the mortgage amount (from MCOB 9.4.13 R) to the property's price or value (from MCOB 9.4.6 R(3))] of the property's [estimated] [price/value]."(2) If the customer has asked for any fees to be added to the loan, this must be stated alongside each fee.2(3)

MCOB 9.4.72R06/04/2007

(1) Under the section heading "Insurance" the illustration must include details of:(a) insurance which is a tied product and(b) insurance which is required as a condition of the lifetime mortgage7 which is not a tied product7(2) Under this section heading a firm may also provide details of insurance which is optional for the customer to take out.(3) It must be clear to the customer which products he is required to purchase under which circumstances (for example, where both a tied

MCOB 9.4.73R06/04/2007

Under the sub-heading 'Insurance you must take out through [insert name of mortgage lender or where relevant the name of the mortgage intermediary, or both]' the following information must be included if the lifetime mortgage7 requires the customer to take out insurance that is a tied product either through the mortgage lender or where relevant the mortgage intermediary:7(1) details of which insurance is a tied product;(2) for how long the customer is obliged to purchase the insurance;(3)

MCOB 9.4.77G31/10/2004

Under the sub-heading "Insurance you must take out as a condition of this mortgage but that you do not have to take out through [insert name of mortgage lender or where relevant the name of the mortgage intermediary, or both]", the illustration should not include any insurance policy that may be taken out by a mortgage lender itself to protect its own interests rather than the customer's interests, for example, because of the ratio of the loan amount to the property value.1

MCOB 9.4.78G31/10/2004

If the cost of any insurance that the mortgage lender might take out to protect its own interests because of the ratio of the loan to the property value is passed on to the customer, it will be shown elsewhere in the illustration, for example as a higher lending charge or in the interest rate charged.

MCOB 9.4.83R06/04/2007

Under the heading "What happens if you do not want this mortgage any more?", the illustration must include the following information on the lifetime mortgage:77(1) under the sub-heading "Early repayment charges":(a) an explanation of whether early repayment charges are payable;(b) an explanation of when early repayment charges are payable;(c) an explanation of any other fees that are payable if the lifetime mortgage7 is repaid early, and the current level of these fees;7(d) a

MCOB 9.4.87G31/10/2004

An example which would comply with MCOB 9.4.86R would be if a five year fixed rate mortgage had a charge which reduced linearly by 1% each year from 5% in the first year to 1% in the final year and cash examples were used based on 5% in year 1, 3% in year 3 and 1% in year 5.

MCOB 9.4.94R06/04/2007

(1) Under the sub-heading 'Overpayments', the illustration must include details of any restrictions on lump sum and regular overpayments (if payments are required) on thelifetime mortgage,7 together with a statement as to whether or not the amount on which the interest is recalculated is reduced immediately on receipt of any lump sum or regular overpayment.7(2) Where such recalculation does not take place immediately (for example, if an annual rest method is used), this statement

MCOB 9.4.108G31/10/2004

Suitable wording for the warning contained in MCOB 9.4.107 R would be:"This will increase the amount of borrowing secured on your home.".

MCOB 9.4.109R06/04/2007

Under the sub-heading "Linked current account" the illustration must include the following information:(1) whether a linked current account is a compulsory or optional product (if the current account is a compulsory product this must also be stated in Section 5 of the illustration in accordance with MCOB 9.4.24 R(7));(2) an explanation of the interest rates that apply under different circumstances to the linked current account, if different from the interest rate charged on the

MCOB 9.4.112G06/04/2007

MCOB 9.4.111 R(3) would require, for example, a reference to the fact that the overall cost takes into account mortgage payment protection insurance where this is required as a condition of the lifetime mortgage7 to which the illustration relates. The requirement to take out such insurance must be stated in Sections 5 and 12 of the illustration in accordance with MCOB 9.4.24 R(7), MCOB 9.4.72 R or MCOB 9.4.76 R.7

MCOB 9.4.116R31/10/2004

At the end of Section 15 the following text must be included, if relevant:"The figures in this section will vary following interest rate changes."

MCOB 9.4.120R31/10/2004

If the amount payable by the mortgage lender to the mortgage intermediary and to third parties is £250 or less, the mortgage intermediary need only state that the amount of the payment is "no more than £250", unless the customer requests the actual amount.

MCOB 9.4.125G31/10/2004

An example of a statement which would comply with MCOB 9.4.119 R and MCOB 9.4.123 R would be:"[name of mortgage lender] will pay [name of mortgage intermediary] an amount of £350 in cash and benefits if you take out this lifetime mortgage."

MCOB 9.4.127G31/10/2004

An example of wording which would comply with MCOB 9.4.126 R(2) would be:"If you wish to discuss this lifetime mortgage illustration please contact [name of individual] at [address] or on [telephone number]."

MCOB 9.4.130R06/04/2007

If the lifetime mortgage7 is a shared appreciation mortgage, MCOB 9.4 applies to the illustration with the following modifications:7(1) Section 5 "Description of this mortgage" must contain the following additional information and text in this order after the details required by MCOB 9.4.24 R to MCOB 9.4.29 R:(a) "This lifetime mortgage involves [name of mortgage lender] taking a percentage share in any increase in the value of your property [insert details of all occasions when

MCOB 9.4.132R31/10/2004

The requirements at MCOB 9.4.130 R(1) must be immediately followed by the following additional text, prominently displayed (see MCOB 2.2.9 G):"You will need to pay this share in the value of your home to [name of mortgage lender] [insert time at which share must be paid - for example 'when your lifetime mortgage is repaid']. Think carefully about how this will affect the amount left over for you or your estate."

MCOB 9.4.138G06/04/2007

8An example is: "An independent valuation will be carried out and this, or changes to any of the information that you have given us, could alter the information in this illustration. If this is the case please ask for a revised illustration."

MCOB 9.4.139R06/04/2007

8Under the section heading "Description of this home reversion plan" the illustration must:(1) state the name of the reversion provider providing the home reversion plan to which the illustration relates (a trading name used by the reversion provider may also be stated), and the name, if any, used to market the home reversion plan;(2) include a statement describing the home reversion plan;(3) if the home reversion plan is linked to an investment, and payments required from the

MCOB 9.4.141G06/04/2007

8An example of further information that may be included might be that an "approval in principle" has been granted subject to valuation.

MCOB 9.4.142R06/04/2007

8Under the section heading "Benefits", the illustration must include:(1) a description of the monetary amount(s), and in a box aligned to the right of the document, the monetary amount(s), that the customer will receive as a lump sum and/or as a regular payment;(2) if the home reversion plan is linked to an investment and the payments required from the customer on the home reversion plan will be deducted from the income from the investment, the monetary amount of the net income

MCOB 9.4.143G06/04/2007

8Examples that may be appropriate to describe what the customer will receive are:(1) "Subject to the independent valuation, this home reversion plan will provide you with a lump sum of £[x] [or [state number of instalments] lump sums of £[x]].";(2) "The amount you are releasing will automatically be used to purchase a [name of linked investment product] from [name of provider]. The amount is £[x]."; and(3) "Subject to the independent valuation, this home reversion plan will provide

MCOB 9.4.144G06/04/2007

8An example that may be appropriate to explain how the amount the customer will receive was calculated is: "How we calculate this sum: Your property is worth about £[x]. Taking the information in Section 4 above into consideration, this plan will pay you [x] % [the amount, as a percentage, that the reversion provider will pay for the property] of the full market value of any portion of the property you decide to sell. For a lump sum of about £ [x] [insert the amount that the customer

MCOB 9.4.145R06/04/2007

8The illustration must include under the heading "Risks - important things you must consider" brief statements and warnings on all material risks involving a home reversion plan, including:(1) prominently at the beginning of the section: "A home reversion is a complex property transaction. You should seek legal advice to ensure that you fully understand all of the implications for you and your home and for anyone who might otherwise inherit the property.";(2) the effect of the

MCOB 9.4.148R06/04/2007

8The heading of the right-hand column of Section 8 of the illustration must state the frequency with which payments must be made by the customer. (For example, if payments are to be made on a monthly basis, the heading for this section must be "What you will have to pay and when" and the column must be headed "Monthly payments").

MCOB 9.4.153G06/04/2007

8An example of a fee that would not be included would be a fee payable by the customer to insure their property elsewhere (however this would need to be stated in the separate "Insurance" section).

MCOB 9.4.159R06/04/2007

(1) 8Under the section heading "Insurance" the illustration must include details of:(a) insurance which is a tied product; and(b) insurance which is required as a condition of the home reversion plan which is not a tied product.(2) Under this section heading a firm may also provide details of insurance which is optional for the customer to take out.(3) It must be clear to the customer which products he is required to purchase under which circumstances (for example, where both

MCOB 9.4.160R06/04/2007

8The following information must be included if the home reversion plan requires the customer to take out insurance that is a tied product either through the reversion provider or the reversion intermediary:(1) details of which insurance is a tied product;(2) the name of the firm imposing the requirement for the insurance;(3) for how long the customer is obliged to purchase the insurance;(4) an accurate quotation or a reasonable estimate of any payments the customer needs to make

MCOB 9.4.169R06/04/2007

8If the amount payable by the reversion provider to the reversion intermediary and to third parties is £250 or less, the reversion intermediary need only state that the amount of the payment is "no more than £250", unless the customer requests the actual amount.

MCOB 9.4.174G06/04/2007

8An example of a statement which would comply with MCOB 9.4.168 R would be: "[name of reversion provider] will pay [name of reversion intermediary] £[x] in cash and benefits, if you proceed with this home reversion plan."

MCOB 9.4.176G06/04/2007

8An example would be: "If you wish to discuss this home reversion plan illustration, please contact [name of individual] at [address] or call [him/her] on [telephone number]."

MCOB 5.6.2R06/11/2006

An illustration provided to a customer must:(1) contain the material set out in MCOB 5 Annex 1 in the order and using the numbered section headings, sub-headings and prescribed text in MCOB 5 Annex 1, except where provided for in MCOB 5.6;(2) follow the layout of the template in MCOB 5 Annex 1 with:(a) prominent use of the Key facts3 logo followed by the text 'about this mortgage';33(b) each section clearly separated;(c) all the amounts to be paid in Sections 5, 6, 8 and 9 in

MCOB 5.6.4G06/11/2006

(1) Further requirements regarding the use of the Key facts logo and the location of specimens are set out in GEN 5.1 and GEN 5 Annex 1 G.33(2) MCOB 5.6.2 R(3) does not prevent the use of different fonts and typefaces for headings and risk warnings. Its purpose is to prevent particular sections of the illustration from being made less prominent than other sections through the inconsistent use of font sizes and typefaces.(3) The illustration can contain the mortgage lender's or

MCOB 5.6.6R31/10/2004

As a minimum the illustration must be personalised to reflect the following requirements of the customer:(1) the specific regulated mortgage contract in which the customer is interested;(2) the amount of the loan required;(3) the price or value of the property on which the regulated mortgage contract would be secured (estimated where necessary);(4) the term of the regulated mortgage contract (where the customer is unable to suggest a date at which he expects to repay the loan,

MCOB 5.6.7G31/10/2004

A firm should not illustrate more than one regulated mortgage contract in the same illustration, for example by using one illustration to compare alternative products, repayment methods or repayment terms.

MCOB 5.6.8G31/10/2004

In relation to MCOB 5.6.6 R(3), in orderfor the firm to comply with the principle of 'clear, fair and not misleading' in MCOB 2.2.6, an estimated valuation, where the estimated valuation is not that provided by the customer, must be a reasonable assessment based on all the facts available at the time. For example, an overstated valuation could enable a more attractive regulated mortgage contract to be illustrated on the basis of a lower ratio of the loan amount to the property

MCOB 5.6.9R31/10/2006

The amount referred to in MCOB 5.6.6 R(2) is:(1) in cases where on the basis of the information obtained from the customer before providing the illustration it is clear that the customer would not be eligible to borrow the amount he requested, an estimate of the amount that the customer could borrow based on the information obtained from the customer; or(2) where the regulated mortgage contract is a revolving credit agreement such as a secured overdraft or mortgage credit card:4(a)

MCOB 5.6.14G31/10/2004

(1) MCOB 5.6.13 R applies where, for example, the illustration covers a regulated mortgage contract that is:(a) divided so that a certain amount of the loan is payable on a fixed interest rate, and a certain amount on a discounted interest rate; or(b) a combination of a repayment mortgage and an interest-only mortgage and the loan is subdivided into different types of interest rate and/or different rates of interest.(2) MCOB 5.6.13 R does not apply where an illustration covers

MCOB 5.6.15R31/10/2004

At the head of the illustration, the following information must be included:(1) the customer's name;(2) the date of issue of the illustration;(3) details of how long the illustration is valid and whether there is any date by which the regulated mortgage contract covered by the illustration needs to commence (for example, where a fixed interest rate is only available if the regulated mortgage contract commences before a certain date); and(4) the prescribed text at the head of the

MCOB 5.6.23G31/10/2004

An example of the type of statement that would satisfy MCOB 5.6.22 R is:'The valuation that will be carried out on the property and changes to any of the information you have given us could alter the information in this illustration. If this is the case please ask for a revised illustration.'

MCOB 5.6.25R31/10/2004

Under the section heading 'Description of this mortgage' the illustration must:(1) state the name of the mortgage lender providing the regulated mortgage contract to which the illustration relates (a trading name used by the mortgage lender may also be stated in accordance with MCOB 5.6.2 R(6)), and the name, if any, used to market the regulated mortgage contract;(2) (a) provide a description of the interest rate type and rate of interest that applies in accordance with the format

MCOB 5.6.27R31/10/2004

Description of interest rate types and rates of interest. This table belongs to MCOB 5.6.26R:

Description of the interest rate	Amount payable in each instalment
Lender's base mortgage rate - must be described as the [Lender]'s standard variable rate, currently X%, [where applicable insert the date at which the interest rate ends or period for which the interest rate applies].	Amount based on X%.
Fixed rate - must be described as a fixed rate of X% [where applicable insert the date at which the interest rate ends or the period for which the interest rate applies].	Amount based on the fixed rate of X%.
Discounted rate - must be described as a variable rate, currently X%, with a discount of Y% [where applicable insert the date at which the discount ends or the period for which the discount applies], giving a current rate payable of Z%.	Amount based on Z%.
Capped rate - must be described as a variable rate, currently X%, which will not go above a ceiling of Y% [where applicable insert the date at which the capped interest rate ends or the period for which the capped interest rate applies].	Amount based on the current interest rate payable (X%).
Capped and collared - must be described as a variable rate, currently X%, which will not go below a floor of Y%, or above a ceiling of Z% [where applicable insert the date at which the capped and collared interest rate ends or the period for which the capped and collared interest rate applies].	Amount based on the current interest rate payable (X%).
Tracker rate - must be described as a variable rate which is [X% above/X% below/the same as] [insert interest rate tracked, currently Z%,] [where applicable insert the date at which the rate ends or the period for which the interest rate applies], to give a current rate payable of Y%. Details should also be provided of how soon after an interest rate change the mortgage interest rate is adjusted.	Amount based on Y%.
Deferred rate - must be described as a variable rate, currently X%, where Y% is not paid now but is added to your mortgage [where applicable insert the date at which the deferred interest rate ends or the period for which the deferred interest rate applies], to give a current rate payable of Z%.	Amount based on Z%.
Stepped rate where different interest rates apply over different time periods (for example, fixed interest rate in year 1 changes in year 2). Each element should be dealt with individually as above.	Amount for each of the 'steps'.
Combinations of the above must be treated in the same way as the descriptions above, (for example, if a discounted interest rate has a 'floor' then it must be described as such).	Follow the above treatment depending on the combination.

MCOB 5.6.28R31/10/2004

Where the loan under the regulated mortgage contract is divided into more than one part (for example where part of the loan is a fixed interest rate and part of the loan is a discounted variable interest rate) and the firm displays this in a tabular format in the illustration:(1) the following text must be used to introduce the table 'As this mortgage is made up of more than one part, these parts are summarised below:';(2) each part must be numbered for ease of reference in the

MCOB 5.6.30G31/10/2004

An example of further information that may be included in accordance with MCOB 5.6.29 R might be that an 'approval in principle' has been granted subject to valuation and satisfactory credit reference.

MCOB 5.6.32R31/10/2004

Under the section heading 'Overall cost of this mortgage' where the regulated mortgage contract has no agreed term for repayment, (and a 12 month term has been assumed), or no regular payment plan, or both (for example, a revolving credit agreement such as a secured overdraft or mortgage credit card or a regulated mortgage contract where all the interest rolls up such as an open-ended bridging loan):(1) the following text must be included in the illustration: 'The overall cost

MCOB 5.6.33G31/10/2004

MCOB 5.6.31 R(5) and MCOB 5.6.32 R(5) would require, for example, a reference to the fact that the overall cost takes into account mortgage payment protection insurance where this is required as a condition of the regulated mortgage contract to which the illustration relates. The requirement to take out such insurance must be stated in Sections 4 and 9 of the illustration in accordance with MCOB 5.6.25 R(6), MCOB 5.6.74 R or MCOB 5.6.77 R.

MCOB 5.6.34R31/10/2004

The following text must be included after the text required by MCOB 5.6.31 R or MCOB 5.6.32 R with the relevant cost measures shown in the right-hand column of Section 5 in accordance with the layout shown in MCOB 5 Annex 1:(1) 'The total amount you must pay back, including the amount borrowed is £[insert total amount payable]';(2) 'This means you pay back £[insert the total amount payable] divided by the amount on which the illustration is based from MCOB 5.6.6 R(2) plus all

MCOB 5.6.35R31/10/2004

(1) The APR and the total amount payable in MCOB 5.6.34 R must be calculated on the basis of information obtained from the customer under MCOB 5.6.6 R.(2) Where there is a charge to be included in the APR and total amount payable and the precise amount of that charge is not known at the time that the illustration is provided, MCOB 10.3 (Formula for calculating the APR) sets out a number of relevant assumptions to be used. If the method for including the charge is not addressed

MCOB 5.6.36G31/10/2004

In relation to MCOB 5.6.35 R(2), the cost of conveyancing would be an example of a charge for which representative information may need to be used in the calculation of the APR and the total amount payable.

MCOB 5.6.39R31/10/2004

MCOB 5.6.40 R to MCOB 5.6.57 G do not apply to loans without a term or regular payment plan where some or all of the interest rolls up, for example secured bridging loans, secured overdrafts or mortgage credit cards. In these cases, MCOB 5.6.134 R to MCOB 5.6.138 G apply.

MCOB 5.6.40R31/10/2004

The heading for Section 6 of the illustration and the heading of the column on the right-hand side of this section must state the frequency with which payments must be made by the customer. (For example, if payments are to be made on a monthly basis, the heading for this section must be 'What you will need to pay each month' and the column must be headed 'Monthly payments'.)

MCOB 5.6.44G31/10/2004

If appropriate, the two statements required by MCOB 5.6.42 R(1) and MCOB 5.6.42 R(2) may be merged, for example 'These payments are based on a loan amount of £x and assume that the mortgage will start on [dd/mm/yy]'.

MCOB 5.6.45G31/10/2004

MCOB 5.6.42 R(3) applies to each interest rate charged on the regulated mortgage contract covered by the illustration. This means that it applies to different interest rates charged at different times, for example, where the interest rate changes at the end of any initial discounted, fixed or other special interest rate period.

MCOB 5.6.47G31/10/2004

An example of how the information required by MCOB 5.6.42 R(3) and MCOB 5.6.46 R may be presented when there is an initial fixed interest rate for a period of 22 months followed by the mortgage lender's standard variable interest rate for a period of 278 months is as follows:'22 payments at a fixed rate of [...]%followed by278 payments at a variable rate, currently [...]%'.

MCOB 5.6.52R01/11/2007

Where all or part of the regulated mortgage contract to which the illustration relates is an interest-only mortgage:(1) the illustration must include the sub-heading 'Cost of repaying the capital' with the following text under it:'You will still owe [insert amount of loan on an interest-only basis] at the end of the mortgage term. You will need to make separate arrangements to repay this. When comparing the payments on this mortgage with a repayment mortgage, remember to add any

MCOB 5.6.53G31/10/2004

An example of how the information required by MCOB 5.6.52 R (1), MCOB 5.6.52 R (3) and MCOB 5.6.52 R (5) may be presented is as follows:

Cost of repaying the capitalYou will still owe £Z at the end of the mortgage term. You will need to make separate arrangements to repay this. When comparing the payments on this mortgage with a repayment mortgage, remember to add any money that you may need to pay into a separate savings plan to build up a lump sum to repay this amount.
Savings plan that you do not have to take out through [insert name of mortgage lender or mortgage intermediary]	Monthly payments
XYZ savings plan (see separate product disclosure document)	£C
What you will need to pay each month including the cost of a savings plan to repay the capital
36 payments at a fixed rate currently x% followed by:	£(A+C)
264 payments at a variable rate currently y%.	£(B+C)

MCOB 5.6.54R31/10/2004

Where the loan under the regulated mortgage contract is divided into more than one part (for example, where part of the loan is on a fixed interest rate and part on a discounted variable interest rate) and the firm displays the initial cost of all parts, and the total cost, in a tabular format in the illustration, MCOB 5.6.42 R(3) and MCOB 5.6.46 R do not apply; instead:(1) each part must be numbered for ease of reference in the illustration;(2) the loan amounts must be totalled;(3)

MCOB 5.6.57G31/10/2004

An example of a statement which would meet the requirements of MCOB 5.6.56 R(2) would be 'Remember to add the cost of any savings plan to these monthly payments'.

MCOB 5.6.58R31/10/2004

MCOB 5.6.59 R to MCOB 5.6.65 R do not apply to loans without a term or regular repayment plan where some or all of the interest rolls up, for example, secured bridging loans, secured overdrafts or mortgage credit cards. In these cases MCOB 5.6.140 R to MCOB 5.6.145 R apply.

MCOB 5.6.59R31/10/2004

Under the section heading 'Are you comfortable with the risks?':(1) under the sub-heading 'What if interest rates go up?' the illustration must include the following:(a) if the interest rate is fixed throughout the term of the regulated mortgage contract, an explanation that the payments will not vary because the interest rate is fixed;(b) if the interest rate is fixed for part of the term of the regulated mortgage contract, an explanation of when or how increases in the interest

MCOB 5.6.60R31/10/2004

The amount by which the customer's payments would increase in accordance with MCOB 5.6.59 R(1)(g) and (h) must be calculated as follows:(1) the firm must use the total amount borrowed, or assume that all payments due on the regulated mortgage contract have actually been paid, all additional fees and payments due have been paid, and no underpayments or overpayments have been made;(2) where all or part of the regulated mortgage contract is a repayment mortgage, the calculation must

MCOB 5.6.67G31/10/2004

An example of a fee that would normally be included in Section 8 would be a fee to re-inspect a property after completion of works if it is known that this fee will be charged at the time the illustration is produced. An example of a fee that would not be included would be a fee payable by the customer to insure their property elsewhere (however this would need to be stated in Section 9 of the illustration 'Insurance', as required by MCOB 5.6.77 R(2)). Fees payable upon repayment

MCOB 5.6.69R31/10/2004

The following information must be provided for each fee included in this section of the illustration in accordance with MCOB 5.6.66 R(1):(1) a description of the fee;(2) the amount payable by the customer recorded in a column headed 'Fee amount' on the right-hand side of this section;(3) for fees included under the sub-heading 'Other fees', to whom the fee is payable;(4) when the fee is payable;(5) whether or not the fee is refundable, and if so, the extent to which it is refundable;

MCOB 5.6.70R31/10/2004

(1) If a higher lending charge is payable by the customer, the following text must be used to describe such a charge for the purposes of MCOB 5.6.69 R:'A higher lending charge is payable because you are borrowing [insert the ratio of the mortgage amount (from MCOB 5.6.6 R(2)) to the property's price or value (from MCOB 5.6.6 R(3))] of the property's [estimated] [price/value].'(2) If the customer has asked for any fees to be added to the loan, this must be stated alongside each

MCOB 5.6.73R31/10/2004

(1) Under the section heading 'Insurance' the illustration must include details of:(a) insurance which is a tied product; and(b) insurance which is required as a condition of the regulated mortgage contract which is not a tied product.(2) A firm may also provide details of insurance which it is optional for the customer to take out under this section heading.(3) It must be clear to the customer which products he is required to purchase under which circumstances (for example, where

MCOB 5.6.74R31/10/2004

Under the sub-heading 'Insurance you must take out through [insert name of mortgage lender or where relevant the name of the mortgage intermediary, or both]' the following information must be included if the regulated mortgage contract requires the customer to take out insurance that is a tied product either through the mortgage lender or where relevant the mortgage intermediary:(1) details of which insurance is a tied product;(2) for how long the customer is obliged to purchase

MCOB 5.6.78G31/10/2004

Under the sub-heading 'Insurance you must take out as a condition of this mortgage but that you do not have to take out through [insert name of mortgage lender or where relevant the name of the mortgage intermediary, or both]' the illustration should not include any insurance policy that may be taken out by a mortgage lender itself to protect its own interests rather than the customer's interests, for example, because of the ratio of the loan amount to the property value.1

MCOB 5.6.79G31/10/2004

If the cost of any insurance that the mortgage lender might take out to protect its own interests, because of the ratio of the loan amount to the property value, is passed on to the customer, it will be shown elsewhere in the illustration, for example, as a higher lending charge or in the interest rate charged.

MCOB 5.6.87G31/10/2004

An example which would comply with MCOB 5.6.86 R would be if a five year fixed rate mortgage had a charge which reduced linearly by 1% each year from 5% in the first year to 1% in the final year and cash examples were used based on 5% in year 1, 3% in year 3 and 1% in year 5.

MCOB 5.6.90R31/10/2004

(1) Under the section heading 'What happens if you want to make overpayments?', the illustration must include details of any restrictions on lump sum and regular overpayments on the regulated mortgage contract, together with a statement as to whether or not the amount on which the interest charged is recalculated is reduced immediately on receipt of any lump sum or regular overpayment.(2) Where such recalculation does not take place immediately (for example, if an annual rest

MCOB 5.6.99R31/10/2004

Under the sub-heading 'Additional borrowing available without further approval', the illustration must provide details of circumstances in which there are any linked borrowing facilities that would allow the customer to increase the amount of the loan on which the illustration is based without any further approval from the mortgage lender (for example, if there are additional drawdown facilities).

MCOB 5.6.109R31/10/2004

(1) Under the sub-heading 'Linked current account', the illustration must include the following information:(a) whether a linked current account is a compulsory or optional product (if the current account is a compulsory product this must also be stated in Section 4 of the illustration in accordance with MCOB 5.6.25 R(6));(b) an explanation of the interest rates that apply under different circumstances to the linked current account, if different from the interest rate charged

MCOB 5.6.111G31/10/2004

If an example is included in the illustration in accordance with MCOB 5.6.109 R(2) or MCOB 5.6.110 R(2), it must be based on information obtained from the customer and the amounts that are intended to be paid into the current or savings account on a regular basis; the amounts that it is intended are saved; and the actual or likely expenditure profile. The amounts involved and the expenditure profile should not be standard assumptions made by the firm, but should be those of the

MCOB 5.6.114R31/10/2004

If the amount payable by the mortgage lender to the mortgage intermediary and to third parties is £250 or less, the mortgage intermediary need only state that the amount of the payment is 'no more than £250', unless the customer requests the actual amount.

MCOB 5.6.119G31/10/2004

An example of a statement which would comply with MCOB 5.6.113 R and MCOB 5.6.117 R would be:'[name of mortgage lender] will pay [name of mortgage intermediary] an amount of £350 in cash and benefits if you take out this mortgage.'

MCOB 5.6.123G31/10/2004

An example of wording which would comply with MCOB 5.6.122 R would be:'If you wish to discuss this mortgage illustration please contact [name of firm] at [address] or on [telephone number]'.

MCOB 5.6.126G31/10/2004

(1) An amortisation table may be added to the end of the illustration after the information required by MCOB 5.6.124 R if the mortgage lender or mortgage intermediary wishes. A firm may find that this is particularly appropriate to illustrate certain types of regulated mortgage contract, for example, a regulated mortgage contract with more than one part.(2) The purpose of (1) is to permit a firm to add an amortisation table in accordance with the European Commission's 'Recommendation

MCOB 5.6.132R31/10/2004

If the interest rate charged on the regulated mortgage contract is deferred, MCOB 5.6 applies with the following additions:(1) A section headed: 'Effect of deferring interest on the amount you owe' must be included in the illustration after Section 6.(2) This section must be numbered 6a so that the numbering follows on consecutively from the preceding section unless MCOB 5.6.55 R applies in which case it should be numbered 6b.(3) Under the section heading the following text must

MCOB 5.6.133R31/10/2004

MCOB 5.6.134 R to MCOB 5.6.138 G apply only to loans without a term or regular payment plan where some or all of the interest rolls up, for example secured bridging loans, secured overdrafts or mortgage credit cards.

MCOB 5.6.134R31/10/2004

The heading for Section 6 of the illustration and the heading of the column on the right-hand side of this section must state the frequency with which payments must be made by the customer. (For example, if payments were to be made on a monthly basis, the heading for this section would be 'What you will need to pay each month' and the column would be headed 'Monthly payments'). Where no regular payments are required on the regulated mortgage contract, for example where all interest

MCOB 5.6.135R31/10/2004

All the payments in Section 6 of the illustration must be calculated based on the frequency used for the purposes of the headings in MCOB 5.6.40 R and must be shown in the column on the right-hand side of this section. If no payments are required, for example on a secured bridging loan or secured overdraft, then this column should be marked on the illustration as nil.

MCOB 5.6.136R31/10/2004

Section 6 of the illustration must contain the following information:(1) the loan amount on which the illustration is based. Where fees are being added to the loan then this figure should include all fees, charges and insurance premiums that have been added to the loan in accordance with MCOB 5.6.18 R(2) and MCOB 5.6.18 R(3), and the following text must follow the loan amount:'and include[s] the fees [and insurance premiums] that are shown in Section 8 [and Section 9] as being

MCOB 5.6.137G31/10/2004

An example of the statement required by MCOB 5.6.136 R(3) would be:'You [do not need to/cannot] make regular payments on this mortgage.'

MCOB 5.6.138G31/10/2004

An example of MCOB 5.6.136 R(4) would be:'You need to make minimum payments as follows:3% of the amount outstanding £x.xxThis payment will not be sufficient to repay the mortgage over the term specified.'

MCOB 5.6.139R31/10/2004

MCOB 5.6.140 R to MCOB 5.6.145 R apply only to loans without a term or regular payment plan where some or all of the interest rolls up, for example secured bridging loans, secured overdrafts or mortgage credit cards.

MCOB 5.6.140R31/10/2004

Under the section heading 'Are you comfortable with the risks?':(1) under the sub-heading 'What if interest rates go up?' the illustration must include the following:(a) if the interest rate is fixed throughout the term of the regulated mortgage contract, an explanation that the interest rate will not vary because the interest rate is fixed;(b) if the interest rate is fixed for part of the term of the regulated mortgage contract, an explanation of when or how increases in the

MCOB 5.6.141R31/10/2004

The amount by which the total amount payable would increase in accordance with MCOB 5.6.140 R(1)(e) must be calculated as follows:(1) unless the total amount borrowed is used, it must be assumed that all payments due on the regulated mortgage contract have actually been paid, all additional fees and payments due have been paid, and no under or overpayments have been made;(2) unless the total amount borrowed is used, the calculation must be based on the amount of the loan outstanding

DISP App 1.2.4G06/04/2008

12In some cases other factors may be included in the overall calculation, for example, if mortgage arrangement fees were waived by agreement on the occasion of the endowment policy being taken out.

DISP App 1.2.6G06/04/2008

12If the complainant's endowment mortgage outgoings exceed the equivalent cost for the repayment method, the complainant should be compensated for the higher payments in addition to any loss on the surrender value and capital repaid comparison. This means, for example, that if the endowment arrangement has been more expensive, this may result in compensatable loss even though the capital repayment against surrender comparison may be favourable to the endowment.

DISP App 1.2.15G06/04/2008

12It would not be unreasonable if a firm providing redress in these circumstances were to frame its offer of redress on the assumption that the complainant will agree to surrender the policy. However, firms should bear in mind that there may be circumstances where it is appropriate for the complainant to retain the policy, for example, where it is being retained as a savings vehicle.

DISP App 1.2.17G06/04/2008

12The standard approach to redress can be illustrated by the following examples, which show how redress would be calculated in certain hypothetical but typical scenarios. (Because the examples are illustrative, round numbers have been used for 'established facts' in each example. The payments should be taken as being made monthly: firms should not approximate by assuming that payments are made annually. If the complainant has benefited from MIRAS, the calculations should allow

DISP App 1.2.18G06/04/2008

1 2Table of examples of typical redress calculations

Example 1	Capital shortfall and higher endowment outgoings
Example 2	Capital shortfall partially offset by lower endowment mortgage outgoings
Example 3	Capital shortfall more than offset by lower endowment mortgage outgoings
Example 4	Capital surplus more than offset by higher endowment mortgage outgoings
Example 5	Capital surplus partially offset by higher endowment mortgage outgoings
Example 6	Capital surplus and lower endowment mortgage outgoings
Example 7	Low start endowment mortgage

DISP App 1.2.19G06/04/2008

1 2Example 1

Example 1
Capital shortfall and higher endowment mortgage outgoings
Background
Capital sum of £50,000
25 year endowment policy
Duration to date: 5 years
Endowment premium per month: £75
Established facts
Endowment surrender value:	£3,200
Capital repaid under equivalent repayment mortgage:	£4,200
Surrender value less capital repaid:	(£1,000)
Cost of converting from endowment mortgage to repayment mortgage:	(£200)
Total outgoings to date
Equivalent repayment mortgage (capital + interest + DTA life cover):	£21,950
Endowment mortgage (endowment premium + interest):	£22,250
Difference in outgoings (repayment - endowment):	(£300)
Basis of compensation
In this example, the complainant has suffered loss because the surrender value of the endowment is less than the capital repaid and also because of the higher total outgoings to date of the endowment mortgage relative to the repayment mortgage. The two losses and the conversion cost are therefore added together in order to calculate the redress.
Redress
Loss from surrender value less capital repaid:	(£1,000)
Loss from total extra outgoings under endowment mortgage:	(£300)
Cost of converting to repayment mortgage:	(£200)
Total loss:	(£1,500)
Therefore total redress is:	£1,500

DISP App 1.2.20G06/04/2008

1 2Example 2

Example 2
Capital shortfall partially offset by lower endowment mortgage outgoings
Background
Capital sum of £50,000
25 year endowment policy
Duration to date: 5 years
Endowment premium per month: £60
Established facts
Endowment surrender value:	£2,500
Capital repaid under equivalent repayment mortgage	£4,200
Surrender value less capital repaid under equivalent repayment mortgage:	(£1,700)
Cost of converting from endowment mortgage to repayment mortgage	(£300)
Total outgoings to date:
Repayment mortgage (capital + interest + DTA life cover):	£21,950
Endowment mortgage (endowment premium + interest):	£21,350
Difference in outgoings (repayment - endowment):	£600
Basis of Compensation
In this example, the complainant has suffered loss because the surrender value of the endowment is less than the capital repaid but has gained form the lower outgoings of the endowment mortgage to date. In calculating the redress the gain may be offset against the loss unless the complainant's particular circumstances are such that it would be unreasonable to take account of the gain.
Redress if it is not unreasonable to take account of the whole of the gain from lower outgoings
Loss from surrender value less capital repaid:	(£1,700)
Gain from total lower outgoings under endowment mortgage:	£600
Cost of converting to repayment mortgage:	(£300)
Net loss:	(£1,400)
Therefore total redress is:	£1,400
Redress if it is unreasonable to take account of gain from lower outgoings
Loss from surrender value less capital repaid:	(£1,700)
Gain from total lower outgoings under endowment mortgage:	Ignored*
Cost of converting to repayment mortgage:	(£300)
Net loss taken into account:	(£2,000)
Therefore total redress is:	£2,000
* In this example, and also in Examples 3, 7, 8 and 9, the complainant's circumstances are assumed to be such as to make it unreasonable to take account of any of the gain from lower outgoings.

DISP App 1.2.21G06/04/2008

1 2Example 3

Example 3
Capital shortfall more than offset by lower endowment mortgage outgoings
Background
Capital sum of £50,000
25 year endowment policy
Duration to date: 8 years
Endowment premium per month: £65
Established facts
Endowment surrender value:	£7,300
Capital repaid under equivalent repayment mortgage:	£7,600
Surrender value less capital repaid:	(£300)
Cost of converting from endowment mortgage to repayment mortgage:	(£200)
Total outgoings to date:
Repayment mortgage (capital + interest + DTA life cover):	£34,510
Endowment mortgage (endowment premium + interest):	£33,990
Difference in outgoings (repayment - endowment):	£520
Basis of Compensation
In this example, the complainant has suffered loss because the surrender value of the endowment is less than the capital repaid but has gained from the lower total outgoings of the endowment mortgage. In calculating redress the gain may be offset against the loss unless the complainant's particular circumstances are such that it would be unreasonable to take account of the gain.
Redress if it is not unreasonable to take account of the whole of the gain from lower outgoings
Loss from surrender value less capital repaid:	(£300)
Gain from total lower outgoings under endowment mortgage:	£520
Cost of converting to repayment mortgage:	(£200)
Net gain:	£20
Therefore, there has been no loss and no redress is payable.
Redress if it is unreasonable to take account of gain from lower outgoings
Loss from surrender value less capital repaid:	(£300)
Gain from total lower outgoings under endowment mortgage:	Ignored
Cost of converting to repayment mortgage:	(£200)
Net loss taken into account:	(£500)
Therefore total redress is:	£500

DISP App 1.2.22G06/04/2008

1 2Example 4

Example 4
Capital surplus more than offset by higher endowment mortgage outgoings
Background
Capital sum of £50,000
25 year endowment policy
Duration to date: 8 years
Endowment premium per month: £75
Established facts
Endowment surrender value:	£7,800
Capital repaid under equivalent repayment mortgage:	£7,600
Surrender value less capital repaid:	£200
Cost of converting from endowment mortgage to repayment mortgage:	(£250)
Total outgoings to date:
Repayment mortgage (capital + interest + DTA life cover):	£34,510
Endowment mortgage (endowment premium + interest):	£34,950
Difference in outgoings (repayment - endowment):	(£440)
Basis of Compensation
In this example, the complainant has suffered loss because of the higher total outgoings to date of the endowment mortgage but has gained because the surrender value of the endowment is greater than the capital repaid. Since the sum of the loss and the conversion cost is greater than the gain, the redress is calculated as the difference between the two.
Redress
Gain from surrender value less capital repaid:	£200
Loss from total extra outgoings under endowment mortgage:	(£440)
Cost of converting to repayment mortgage:	(£250)
Net loss:	(£490)
Therefore total redress is:	£490

DISP App 1.2.23G06/04/2008

1 2Example 5

Example 5
Capital surplus partially offset by higher endowment mortgage outgoings
Background
Capital sum of £50,000
25 year endowment policy
Duration to date: 10 years
Endowment premium per month: £75
Established facts
Endowment surrender value:	£11,800
Capital repaid under equivalent repayment mortgage	£9,700
Surrender value less capital repaid:	£2,100
Cost of converting from endowment mortgage to repayment mortgage:	(£300)
Total outgoings to date:
Repayment mortgage (capital + interest + DTA life cover):	£46,800
Endowment mortgage (endowment premium + interest):	£47,500
Difference in outgoings (repayment - endowment):	(£700)
Basis of Compensation
In this example, the complainant has suffered loss because of the higher total outgoings to date of the endowment mortgage relative to the repayment mortgage. However the sum of this and the conversion cost is less than the complainant's gain from the difference between the surrender value of the endowment and the capital repaid. Thus no redress is payable.
Redress
Gain from surrender value less capital repaid:	£2,100
Loss from total extra outgoings under endowment mortgage:	(£700)
Cost of converting to repayment mortgage:	(£300)
Net gain:	£1,100
Therefore, there has been no loss and no redress is payable.

DISP App 1.2.24G06/04/2008

1 2Example 6

Example 6
Capital surplus and lower endowment mortgage outgoings
Background
Capital sum of £50,000
25 year endowment policy
Duration to date: 10 years
Endowment premium per month: £65
Established facts
Endowment surrender value:	£10,100
Capital repaid under equivalent repayment mortgage	£9,700
Surrender value less capital repaid:	£400
Cost of converting from endowment mortgage to repayment mortgage:	(£200)
Total outgoings to date:
Repayment mortgage (capital + interest + DTA life cover):	£46,800
Endowment mortgage (endowment premium + interest):	£46,300
Difference in outgoings (repayment - endowment):	£500
Basis of Compensation
In this example, the complainant has gained both because the surrender value of the endowment is greater than the capital repaid and because of the lower total outgoings of the endowment mortgage. These gains are larger than the cost of converting to a repayment mortgage. Thus no further action is necessary.
Redress
As there has been no loss, no redress is payable.

DISP App 1.2.25G06/04/2008

1 2Example 7

Example 7
Low start endowment mortgage
Background
Capital sum of £50,000
25 year endowment policy
Duration to date: 10 years
Endowment premium per month: starting at £35 in first year, increasing by 20% simple on each policy anniversary, reaching £70 after five years and then remaining at that level.
Established facts:
Endowment surrender value:	£8,200
Capital repaid under equivalent repayment mortgage:	£9,700
Surrender value less capital repaid:	(£1,500)
Cost of converting from endowment mortgage to repayment mortgage:	(£250)
Total outgoings to date
Repayment mortgage (capital + interest + DTA life cover):	£46,800
Endowment mortgage (endowment premium + interest):	£45,640
Difference in outgoings (repayment minus endowment):	£1,160
Of this difference in outgoings, £800 arose in the five year period when the complainant was paying a low endowment premium.
Basis of compensation
In this example, the complainant has suffered loss because the surrender value of the endowment is less than the capital repaid but has gained from the lower total outgoings of the endowment mortgage. As in Example 3, in calculating redress the whole of the gain should be offset against the loss unless the complainant's particular circumstances are such that it would be unreasonable to do so. However, unlike Example 3, in a low start endowment mortgage the complainant may have chosen to pay a lower than usual premium in the early years (this would need to be established on the facts of the case). Where it has been established that the complainant chose to make lower payments, even if it is unreasonable to take account of the whole of the gain from total outgoings, the gain from paying a lower premium during the low start period is normally taken into account. In such cases the redress is calculated as the capital loss plus the conversion cost minus the total amount by which repayment mortgage outgoings would have exceeded the actual low start endowment mortgage outgoings during the five year low start period.
Redress if it is not unreasonable to take account of the whole of the gain from lower outgoings
Loss from surrender value less capital repaid:	(£1,500)
Gain from total lower outgoings under endowment mortgage:	£1,160
Cost of converting to repayment mortgage:	(£250)
Net loss:	(£590)
Therefore total redress is:	£590
Redress if it is unreasonable to take account of gain from lower outgoings
Loss from surrender value less capital repaid:	(£1,500)
Gain from total lower outgoings during low start period of endowment mortgage:	£800
Cost of converting to repayment mortgage:	(£250)
Net loss taken into account:	(£950)
Therefore total redress is:	£950

PERG 6.7.1G01/07/2005

Medical schemes under which an employer operates or contributes to a fund, from which the employee has a right to a benefit (for example, a payment) on the occurrence of a specified illness or injury, are likely to be insurance schemes. This will be the case whether the employee makes any contribution to the fund, or the scheme is funded by the employer as an emolument. The scheme would not be insurance, however, if the employer has an absolute discretion whether or not to provide

PERG 6.7.2G01/07/2005

The disaster recovery provider sets up and maintains a range of IT and related facilities (PABX etc). The disaster recovery contracts so far considered by the FSA give the recipient, subject to certain conditions including an up front payment, priority access to all or a specified part of these facilities if a 'disaster' causes the failure of a similar business system on which the recipient relies. The provider sells access to the same facilities to a number of different recipients,

PERG 6.7.7G01/07/2005

Under a simple manufacturer's or retailer's warranty the purchase price of the goods includes an amount, in consideration of which the manufacturer undertakes an obligation (the warranty) to respond (without further expense to the purchaser) to specified defects in the product that emerge within a defined time after purchase. When the warranty operates, the manufacturer or retailer provides repairs or replacement products in response to a defined event (the emergence of a latent

PERG 6.7.15G01/07/2005

A manufacturer or retailer may undertake an obligation to ensure that the customer becomes a party to a separate contract of insurance in respect of the goods sold. This would include, for example, a contract for the sale of a freezer, with a simple warranty in relation to the quality of the freezer, but also providing insurance (underwritten by an insurer and in respect of which the customer is the policyholder) covering loss of frozen food if the freezer fails. The FSA is unlikely

PERG 6.7.16G01/07/2005

The FSA distinguishes the contract in PERG 6.7.15 G from a contract under which the manufacturer or retailer assumes the obligation to provide the customer with an indemnity against loss or damage if the freezer fails, but takes out insurance to cover the cost of having to provide the indemnity to the customer. The obligation to indemnify is of a different nature from the seller's or supplier's usual obligations as regards the quality of goods or services and is an insurance obligation.

PERG 6.7.17G01/07/2005

The following are examples of typical warranty schemes operated by motor dealers. Provided that, in each case, the FSA is satisfied that the obligations assumed by the dealer are not significantly more extensive in content, scope or duration that a dealer's usual obligations as to the quality of motor vehicles of that kind, the FSA would not usually classify the contracts embodying these transactions as contracts of insurance.(1) The dealer gives a verbal undertaking to the purchaser

PERG 6.7.22G01/07/2005

A contract under which a provider agrees to meet a specified obligation on behalf of the recipient (for example an obligation to pay for the re-purchase of shares or to meet a debt) immediately that obligation falls due, subject to later reimbursement by the recipient, would be a contract of insurance if in all other respects it fell within the description of such contract (see PERG 6.3.4 G). This is principally because the provider assumes the risk that an immediate payment will

MAR 1.3.2E01/07/2005

The following behaviours are, in the opinion of the FSA , market abuse (insider dealing):(1) dealing on the basis of inside information which is not trading information; (2) front running/pre-positioning - that is, a transaction for a person's own benefit, on the basis of and ahead of an order which he is to carry out with or for another (in respect of which information concerning the order is inside information), which takes advantage of the anticipated

MAR 1.3.17C01/07/2005

Behaviour, based on inside information relating to another company, in the context of a public takeover bid or merger for the purpose of gaining control of that company or proposing a merger with that company, does not of itself amount to market abuse (insider dealing) [Note: see Recital 29 Market Abuse Directive], including:(1) seeking from holders of securities, issued by the target, irrevocable undertakings or expressions of support to accept an offer to acquire those securities

MAR 1.3.20G01/07/2005

The following examples of market abuse (insider dealing) concern the definition of inside information relating to financial instruments other than commodity derivatives.(1) X, a director at B PLC has lunch with a friend, Y. X tells Y that his company has received a takeover offer that is at a premium to the current share price at which it is trading. Y enters into a spread bet priced or valued by reference to the share price of B PLC based on his expectation that

MAR 1.3.21G01/07/2005

The following example of market abuse (insider dealing) concerns the definition of inside information relating to commodity derivatives.Before the official publication of LME stock levels, a metals trader learns (from an insider) that there has been a significant decrease in the level of LME aluminium stocks. This information is routinely made available to users of that prescribed market . The trader buys a substantial number of futures in that metal on

MAR 1.3.22G01/07/2005

The following example of market abuse (insider dealing)concerns the definition of inside information relating to pending client orders.A dealer on the trading desk of a firm dealing in oil derivatives accepts a very large order from a client to acquire a long position in oil futures deliverable in a particular month. Before executing the order, the dealer trades for the firm and on his personal account by taking a long position in those oil futures, based on the expectation that

MAR 1.3.23G01/07/2005

The following connected examples of market abuse (insider dealing) concerns the differences in the definition of inside information for commodity derivatives and for other financial instruments.(1) A person deals, on a prescribed market , in the equities of XYZ plc, a commodity producer, based on inside information concerning that company. (2) A person deals, in a commodity futures contract traded on a prescribed market , based

MCOB 7.6.12G31/10/2004

An example of the total borrowing section referred to in MCOB 7.6.9 R(3) is in MCOB 7 Annex 1.

MCOB 7.6.15G31/10/2004

MCOB 7.6.14 R allows the firm to make changes to wording and to add, remove or alter information that would otherwise be misleading for the customer. For example, the firm may add text to let the customer know if conditions applying to the original mortgage do not apply to the additional borrowing, such as 'The early repayment charges applying to your existing loan do not apply to this additional borrowing.'

MCOB 7.6.18R31/10/2004

Before a customer submits an application to a firm to change all or part of a regulated mortgage contract from one interest rate to another (for example, a transfer from a variable rate regulated mortgage contract to a fixed rate regulated mortgage contract, or from one fixed rate regulated mortgage contract to another fixed rate regulated mortgage contract), the firm must provide the customer with an illustration for the whole loan that complies with the requirements of MCOB

MCOB 7.6.21G31/10/2004

MCOB 7.6.20 R allows a firm to make changes to wording and to add, remove or alter information that would otherwise be misleading to the customer. For example, a firm could replace the statement in Section 3 of the illustration, explaining that if information provided by the customer changes, the illustration may be affected, with a statement explaining that the illustration is based on information gathered in the past, which may no longer be accurate.

MCOB 7.6.26G31/10/2004

MCOB 7.6.25 R allows the firm to make changes to wording and to add, remove or alter information that would otherwise be misleading to the customer. For example, a firm may choose not to include a property valuation in the 'What you have told us' section of the illustration if the property value does not have a bearing on the terms of the regulated mortgage contract.

MCOB 7.6.28R01/04/2009

If a customer requests, or agrees to, a change to a regulated mortgage contract (other than a change as described in MCOB 7.6.7 R to MCOB 7.6.26 G44) that changes the amount of each payment due, a firm must provide the customer with the following information, in a single communication (subject to MCOB 7.6.28AR (3))4, before the change takes effect:(1) the amount outstanding on the regulated mortgage contract at the date the change is requested;(2) the payment due and the frequency

DEPP 6.2.1G28/08/2007

The FSA will consider the full circumstances of each case when determining whether or not to take action for a financial penalty or public censure. Set out below is a list of factors that may be relevant for this purpose. The list is not exhaustive: not all of these factors may be applicable in a particular case, and there may be other factors, not listed, that are relevant.(1) The nature, seriousness and impact of the suspected breach, including:(a) whether the breach was deliberate

DEPP 6.2.5G28/08/2007

In some cases it may not be appropriate to take disciplinary measures against a firm for the actions of an approved person (an example might be where the firm can show that it took all reasonable steps to prevent the breach). In other cases, it may be appropriate for the FSA to take action against both the firm and the approved person. For example, a firm may have breached the rule requiring it to take reasonable care to establish and maintain such systems and controls as are

DEPP 6.2.18G28/08/2007

In certain cases, it may be appropriate to discipline a listed company on the basis of the Listing Principles alone. Examples include the following:(1) where there is no detailed listing rule which prohibits the behaviour in question, but the behaviour clearly contravenes a Listing PrinciplePrinciple;(2) where a listed company has committed a number of breaches of detailed rules which individually may not merit disciplinary action, but the cumulative effect of which indicates

DEPP 6.2.21G28/08/2007

In some cases, it may be appropriate for both the FSAand another authority to be involved, and for both to take action in a particular case arising from the same facts. For example, a breach of RIE rules may be so serious as to justify the FSA varying or cancelling the firm's Part IV permission, or withdrawing approval from approved persons, as well as action taken by the RIE. In such cases, the FSA will work with the relevant authority to ensure that cases are dealt with efficiently

RCB 2.3.6G06/03/2008

The FSA will:(1) expect the issuer to demonstrate that it has in place appropriate systems, controls, procedures and policies, including in relation to risk management, underwriting, arrears and valuation; (2) expect the issuer to demonstrate that the cash-flows generated by the assets would be sufficient to meet the payments due in a timely manner including under conditions of economic stress and in the event of the failure of the issuer;(3) take account of any over collateralisation

RCB 2.3.8G06/03/2008

(1) The credit risk of an asset is the risk of loss if another party fails to perform its obligations or fails to perform them in a timely fashion.(2) Where, for example, the asset pool includes residential mortgages the relevant factors which the FSA may consider include: (a) whether the asset pool contains (or could contain) loans made to individuals who have been made bankrupt or have had court judgments made against them;(b) the extent to which the asset pool contains (or

RCB 2.3.11G06/03/2008

Counterparty risk is the risk that the counterparty to a transaction could default before the final settlement of the transactions cash flows. The relevant factors the FSA may consider include whether the:(1) counterparty has an appropriate credit rating;(2) counterparty can unilaterally terminate the hedging agreement, and if so under what circumstances;(3) contractual arrangements contain appropriate termination procedures (for example, what provisions apply in the event of

RCB 2.3.12G06/03/2008

(1) The FSA will assess each risk factor separately and then assess any inter-dependencies and correlations to form a judgment on the quality of the asset pool as a whole. For example, an asset pool which is of high credit quality and so low risk due to a combination of factors such as owner occupation, low income multiples, full valuation methodologies, and a strong payments track record, may permit another factor such as high loan-to-value ratios, that would otherwise be considered

RCB 2.3.14G06/03/2008

The FSA expects the issuer to demonstrate that there are provisions in the covered bond or programme that adequately deal with:(1) the identification and rectification of any breach of Regulations 17(2) (general requirements on issuer in relation to the asset pool) and 24 (requirements on owner relating to the asset pool) of the RCB Regulations;(2) the appointment of replacements for parties, for example servicers, cash managers or paying agents; and(3) the orderly winding-up

RCB 2.3.18G06/03/2008

(1) The FSA expects the report from the accountants to address at least the following matters:(a) that the level of over collateralisation meets the limits set out in the covered bond arrangements which are designed to ensure compliance with the requirement that the asset pool is capable of covering claims attaching to the bond in Regulation 17 (requirements on issuer in relation to the asset pool) of the RCB Regulations; and(b) that appropriate due diligence procedures have been

CASS 5.5.7G06/01/2008

Where an insurance transaction involves more than one firm acting in a chain such that for example money is transferred from a "producing" broker who has received client money from a consumer5 to an intermediate broker and thereafter to an insurance undertaking, each broker firm will owe obligations to its immediate client to segregate client money which it receives (in this example the producing broker in relation to the consumer5and the intermediate broker in relation to the

CASS 5.5.24G14/01/2005

(1) CASS 5.5.23 R allows a firm with appointed representatives, field representatives and other agents to avoid the need for the representative to forward client money on a daily basis but instead requires a firm to segregate into its client money bank account amounts which it reasonably estimates to be sufficient to cover the amount of client money which the firm expects its representatives or agents to receive and hold over a given period. At the expiry of each such period, the

CASS 5.5.32G14/01/2005

If a firm outlines its policy on its payment of interest, it need not necessarily disclose the actual rates prevailing at any particular time; the firm should disclose the terms, for example, LIBOR plus or minus 'x' percentage points.

CASS 5.5.33G14/01/2005

CASS 5.5.34 R sets out the requirements a firm must comply with when it transfers client money to another person without discharging its fiduciary duty owed to that client. Such circumstances arise when, for example, a firm passes client money to another broker for the purposes of the client's transaction being effected. A firm can only discharge itself from its fiduciary duty by acting in accordance with, and in the circumstances permitted by, CASS 5.5.80 R.

CASS 5.5.42G14/01/2005

A firm owes a duty of care to a client when it decides where to place client money. The review required by CASS 5.5.43 R is intended to ensure that the risks inherent in placing client money with a bank are minimised or appropriately diversified by requiring a firm to consider carefully the bank or banks with which it chooses to place client money. For example, a firm which is likely only to hold relatively modest amounts of client money will be likely to be able to satisfy this

CASS 5.5.44G14/01/2005

A firm should consider diversifying placements of client money with more than one bank where the amounts are, for example, of sufficient size to warrant such diversification.

CASS 5.5.81G14/01/2005

(1) A firm which pays professional fees (for example to a loss adjuster or valuer) on behalf of a client may do so in accordance with CASS 5.5.80 R (2) where this is done on the instruction of or with the consent of the client.(2) When a firm wishes to transfer client money balances to a third party in the course of transferring its business to another firm, it should do so in compliance with CASS 5.5.80 R and a transferee firm will come under an obligation to treat any client

MCOB 2.6A.3G01/07/2009

The steps that a firm might take in order to protect its customer's interests will depend on a number of factors, including the nature and structure of the home purchase plan, home reversion plan or regulated sale and rent back agreement2 and the jurisdiction in which the property is situated. If it is not possible to achieve reasonable protection (for example, due to impediments under a particular legal system) then a firm should not enter into, arrange or administer the pla

MCOB 2.6A.4G06/04/2007

(1) In the FSA's view, a customer's interests will include:(a) protection of the customer's rights under the plan, in particular the right to occupy the property throughout its term;(b) protection of any interest (legal or beneficial) that the customer retains, acquires or is intended to acquire in the property, including the expectation that such interests will be unencumbered by third party interests; and(c) that, where a customer pays sums under a home purchase plan towards

MCOB 2.6A.9G01/07/2009

A firm is unlikely, for example, to be treating its customer fairly in relation to termination of a home purchase plan, home reversion plan or regulated sale and rent back agreement2if:(1) the grounds on which it may terminate all or part of a plan or agreement2 are unduly wide, or on which a customer may terminate are unduly narrow; or(2) the customer is not given appropriate notice of termination.

MCOB 2.6A.11G01/07/2009

A firm is unlikely, for example, to be treating a reversion occupier or SRB agreement seller2 fairly if:(1) the reversion occupier or SRB agreement seller2 is obliged to maintain the property to a standard which exceeds the standard that the property is in when the home reversion plan or regulated sale and rent back agreement2 commences;(2) the reversion occupier or SRB agreement seller2 is not entitled to, or is not given, reasonable notice of an inspection, or the inspection

MCOB 2.6A.14G06/04/2007

Members of the Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors, for example, are required to operate a complaints procedure that allows the complaint to be referred to an independent person whose decision binds the valuer and which, in the FSA's view, provides a customer with an appropriate remedy.

LR 5.4A.2G06/04/2010

An issuer will only be able to transfer a listing of its equity shares2 from a premium listing (investment company) to a standard listing (shares)2 if it has ceased to be investment entity (for example if it has become a commercial company) or if it continues to have a premium listing of a class of equity shares.2 This is because LR 14.1.1 R provides that LR 14 does not apply to equity shares of2 an investment entity without a premium listing of equity shares.2

LR 5.4A.9G06/04/2010

Information required under LR 13.3.1R(1) (Contents of all circulars) to be included in the circular or announcement should include an explanation of:(1) the background and reasons for the proposed transfer;(2) any changes to the issuer's business that have been made or are proposed to be made in connection with the proposal;(3) the effect of the transfer on the issuer's obligations under the listing rules;(4) how the issuer will meet any new eligibility requirements, for example

LR 5.4A.13G06/04/2010

The FSA will not generally reassess compliance with eligibility requirements (for example LR 6.1.16 R (Working capital)) if the issuer has previously been assessed by the FSA as meeting those requirements under its existing listing category when its equity shares2 were listed.

LR 5.4A.15G06/04/2010

An issuer may take steps, in connection with a transfer, which require it to consider whether a prospectus is necessary, for example, if the company or its capital is reconstituted in a way that could amount to an offer of transferable securities to the public. The issuer and its advisers should consider whether directive obligations may be triggered.

MCOB 5.5.5G31/10/2004

The effect of the requirements at MCOB 5.5.1 R(1) and MCOB 5.5.4 R is that a customer will be deemed to be committed to an application if, for example, he pays a product related fee (including a valuation fee) or provides electronic or verbal authority to process an application. It is not necessary for a customer to provide a mortgage lender with a completed application form to submit an application for a regulated mortgage contract.

MCOB 5.5.9G31/10/2004

What constitutes 'materially altered' requires consideration of the facts of each individual case. For example, a change of product such that the underlying terms and conditions of the regulated mortgage contract have changed should normally be regarded as material, as would an additional charge, such as a higher lending charge, applying to the regulated mortgage contract when it did not previously.

MCOB 5.5.17G31/10/2004

A firm may use information that it already holds on the customer for the purpose of producing the illustration (for example, if it already holds the customer's credit record), providing the use of this information does not delay the customer receiving the illustration and the customer's consent is obtained where appropriate.

MCOB 9.7.2R06/04/2007

A firm that enters into a lifetime mortgage1 with a customer where interest payments are required (whether or not they will be collected by deduction from the income from an annuity or other linked investment product) must provide the customer with the following information before the customer makes the first payment under the contract:1(1) the amount of the first payment required;(2) the amount of the subsequent payments;(3) the method by which the payments will be collected

MCOB 9.7.4R06/04/2007

A firm that enters into a lifetime mortgage1 which is a drawdown mortgage, with fixed payments to the customer, must provide the customer with the following information before the first payment is drawn down by the customer:1(1) the amount of the first payment to be made;(2) the amount of subsequent payments, if different; (3) the method by which the payment will be made (for example, by transfer to the customer's bank account) and the date of issue of the first and subsequent

MCOB 9.7.6R06/04/2007

Where the lifetime mortgage1 is a drawdown mortgage and the customer can choose the amount and frequency of the payments they receive, or the amount and frequency of payments can vary for other reasons (for example in line with interest rates) the firm must provide the customer with the following information before the first payment is drawn down by the customer:1(1) (a) where the customer can choose the amount and frequency of the payments they receive, details of any limitations

MCOB 9.7.8R06/04/2007

Where thelifetime mortgage1 provides for a lump sum payment to be made to the customer, and all or part of the interest will be rolled up during the life of the mortgage, the firm must provide the customer with the following information before the customer makes the first payment under the contract, or if no payments are required from the customer, within seven days of completion of the mortgage:1(1) if no payments are required from the customer, confirmation that no payments

MAR 1.6.6E01/07/2005

In the opinion of the FSA the following factors are to be taken into account when considering whether behaviour is for "legitimate reasons", and are indications that it is:(1) if the transaction is pursuant to a prior legal or regulatory obligation owed to a third party;(2) if the transaction is executed in a way which takes into account the need for the market as a whole to operate fairly and efficiently;(3) the extent to which the transaction generally

MAR 1.6.11E01/07/2005

In the opinion of the FSA , the following factors are to be taken into account when determining whether a person has engaged in an abusive squeeze:(1) the extent to which a person is willing to relax his control or other influence in order to help maintain an orderly market, and the price at which he is willing to do so; for example, behaviour is less likely to amount to an abusive squeeze if a person is willing to lend the investment in question; (2) the

MAR 1.6.12G01/07/2005

Squeezes occur relatively frequently when the proper interaction of supply and demand leads to market tightness, but this is not of itself abusive. In addition, having a significant influence over the supply of, or demand for, or delivery mechanisms for an investment, for example, through ownership, borrowing or reserving the investment in question, is not of itself abusive.

MAR 1.6.15E01/07/2005

The following are examples of behaviour that may amount to market abuse (manipulating transactions):(1) a trader simultaneously buys and sells the same qualifying investment (that is, trades with himself) to give the appearance of a legitimate transfer of title or risk (or both) at a price outside the normal trading range for the qualifying investment . The price of the qualifying investment is relevant to the calculation of the settlement value of an option. He does this while

MAR 1.6.16E01/07/2005

The following is an example of an abusive squeeze:A trader with a long position in bond futuresbuys or borrows a large amount of the cheapest to deliver bonds and either refuses to re-lend these bonds or will only lend them to parties he believes will not re-lend to the market. His purpose is to position the price at which those with short positions have to deliver to satisfy their obligations at a materially higher level, making him a profit from his original position.

DISP App 1.4.9G06/04/2008

12If it is not possible for a firm to reconstruct a policy, then it should offer the investor equivalent redress, for example, by paying a cash lump sum equivalent to the amount that would have been credited to a reconstructed policy.

DISP App 1.4.13G06/04/2008

12The following examples illustrate the approach to redress as described in this section.

DISP App 1.4.14G06/04/2008

1 2Example 8

Example 8
Term extends beyond retirement age and policy reconstruction
Background
45 year old male non-smoker, having taken out a £50,000 loan in 1998 for a term of 25 years. Unsuitable sale identified on the grounds of affordability and complaint raised on 12th policy anniversary.
It has always been the intention of the complainant to retire at State retirement age 65.
Term from date of sale to retirement is 20 years and the maturity date of the mortgage is 5 years after retirement.
Established facts
Established premium paid by investor on policy of original term (25 years):	£81.20
Premium that would have been payable on policy with term from sale to retirement (20 years):	£111.20
Actual policy value at time complaint assessed:	£12,500
Value of an equivalent 20-year policy at time complaint assessed:	£21,300
Difference in policy values at time complaint assessed:	£8,800
Difference in outgoings (20 year policy - 25 year policy):	£4,320
Basis of compensation
The policy is reconstructed as if it had been set up originally on a term to mature at retirement age, in this example, a term of 20 years. The difference in the current value of the policy actually sold to the complainant and the current value of the reconstructed policy, as if the premium on the reconstructed policy had been paid from outset, is calculated. The complainant has gained from lower outgoings (lower premiums) of the actual endowment policy to date. In calculating the redress, the gain may be offset against the loss unless the complainant's particular circumstances are such that it would be unreasonable to take account of the gain.
Redress generally if it is not unreasonable to take account of the whole of the gain from lower outgoings
Loss from current value of reconstructed policy less current value of actual policy:	(£8,800)
Gain from total lower outgoings under actual policy:	£4,320
Net loss:	(£4,480)
Therefore total redress is:	£4,480
Redress if it is unreasonable to take account of gain from lower outgoings
Loss from current value of reconstructed policy less current value of actual policy:	(£8,800)
Gain from total lower outgoings under actual policy:	Ignored
Therefore total redress is:	£8,800
Additional Information
If the policy is capable of reconstruction, the complainant must now fund the higher premiums himself for the remainder of the term of the shortened policy until maturity. In this example the higher premium could be £111.20. However the firm should provide the complainant with a reprojection letter based on the reconstructed policy such that the actual monthly payment required to achieve the target sum could be even higher, say £130. The reprojection letter should set out the range of options facing the complainant to deal with the projected shortfall, if any.

DISP App 1.4.15G06/04/2008

1 2Example 9

Example 9
Term extends beyond retirement age: example of failure to explain investment risks
Background
45 year old male non-smoker, having taken out a £50,000 loan in 1998 for a term of 25 years. Unsuitable sale identified on the grounds of affordability and complaint raised on 12th anniversary.
It has always been the intention of the complainant to retire at state retirement age 65.
Term from date of sale to retirement is 20 years and the maturity date of the mortgage is five years after retirement.
In addition, an endowment does not meet the complainant's attitude to investment risk and a repayment mortgage would have been taken out if properly advised.
Established facts
Surrender value (on the 25 year policy) at time complaint assessed:	£12,500
Capital repaid under repayment mortgage of term to retirement date (20 years):	£21,000
Surrender value less capital repaid:	(£8.500)
Difference in outgoings (repayment - endowment):	£5,400
Cost of converting from endowment mortgage to repayment mortgage:	£200
Basis of compensation:
The surrender value of the (25 year term) endowment policy is compared to the capital that would have been repaid to date under a repayment mortgage arranged to repay the loan at retirement age, in this example, a repayment mortgage for a term of 20 years. The complainant has gained from lower outgoings of the endowment mortgage to date. In calculating the redress, the gain may be offset against the loss unless the complainant's particular circumstances are such that it would be unreasonable to take account of the gain. The conversion costs are also taken into account in calculating the redress.
Redress generally
Loss from surrender value less capital repaid:	(£8,500)
Gain from total lower outgoings under endowment mortgage:	£5,400
Cost of converting to a repayment mortgage:	(£200)
Net loss:	(£3,300)
Therefore total redress is:	£3,300
Redress if it is unreasonable to take account of gain from lower outgoings
Loss from surrender value less capital repaid:	(£8,500)
Gain from total lower outgoings under endowment mortgage:	Ignored
Cost of converting to a repayment mortgage:	(£8,700)
Therefore total redress is:	£8,700

MCOB 9.8.1R06/04/2007

The statement required by MCOB 7.5.1 R must contain the following information:(1) except in the case of mortgage credit cards, information on the type oflifetime mortgage,3 (for example, fixed rate or variable rate) including a clear statement of how the firm expects the capital, or capital and interest (whichever is applicable) to be repaid (for example, from the proceeds of the sale of the property);3(2) details of the following transactions and information on the lifetime

MCOB 9.8.4G31/10/2004

Examples of where MCOB 7.6.5 R will apply are the release of tranches of money to the customer in relation to a self-build mortgage or other instalment mortgage, but not a drawdown mortgage.

MCOB 9.8.9R06/04/2007

If a customer requests, or agrees to, a change to a lifetime mortgage3 (other than a change as described in MCOB 7.6.7 R to MCOB 7.6.27 R (as modified by MCOB 9)) that changes the amount of each payment due (where payments are required), a firm must provide the customer with the following information, in a single communication, before the change takes effect:3(1) the amount outstanding on the lifetime mortgage3 at the date the change is requested;3(2) the payment due and the frequency

MCOB 9.8.10R06/04/2007

If a customer requests, or agrees to, a change to a lifetime mortgage.3(other than a change as described in MCOB 7.6.7 R to MCOB 7.6.27 R (as modified by MCOB 9)) that changes the amount paid to the customer under a drawdown mortgage, or the amount that the customer will owe under a roll-up of interest mortgage, or both, a firm must provide the customer with the following information, in a single communication, before the change takes effect:3(1) the amount outstanding on the

GEN 2.2.8G21/06/2001

Examples of related expressions are:(1) "advice on investments" and "advise on investments", which should be interpreted by reference to "advising on investments";(2) "closely linked", which should be interpreted by reference to "close links";(3) "controls" and "controlled", which should be interpreted by reference to "control"; and(4) "effect", as for example in "effect a life policy", which should be interpreted by reference to "effecting contracts of insurance".

GEN 2.2.15G06/02/2008

GEN 2.2.14 R means that, for example, electronic media may be used to make communications which are required by a provision of the Handbook to be "in writing", unless a contrary intention appears, or the use of electronic media would contravene some other requirement such as the requirement to treat customers fairly under Principle 6. GEN 2.2.14 R does not, however, affect any other legal requirement which may apply in relation to the form or manner of executing a document or

BIPRU 7.4.9G01/01/2007

(1) The following example illustrates BIPRU 7.4.8R (2).(2) A firm buys a Traded Average Price Option (TAPO - a type of Asian option) allowing it to deliver 100 tonnes of Grade A copper and receive $1,750 in June. If there were 20 business days in June the short notional positions will each:(a) equal 5 tonnes per day (1/20 of 100 tonnes); and(b) have a maturity equal to one of the business days in June (one for each day).(3) In this example as each business day in June goes by

BIPRU 7.4.11G01/01/2007

The following guidance provides an example of BIPRU 7.4.10R. In January, a firm agrees to buy 100 tonnes of copper for the average spot price prevailing during the 20 business days in February, and will settle on 30 June. After entering into this agreement, the firm faces the risk that the average price for February increases relative to that for 30 June. Therefore, as highlighted in the table below:(1) the short positions reflect the fact that this could occur because any one

BIPRU 7.4.15G01/01/2007

(1) An example of using BIPRU 7.4.13R and the table in BIPRU 7.4.14R is as follows.(2) A firm is long a three-month commodity index future where the spot level of the index is based on the one, two and three month forward prices of aluminium, copper, tin, lead, zinc and nickel (18 prices in total).(3) Step 1: the firm should decide whether to treat the full quantity underlying the contract as a single notional commodityposition or disaggregate it into notional positions in aluminium,

BIPRU 7.4.29G01/01/2007

BIPRU 7.4.30G is an example illustrating the calculation of the commodity PRR on an individual commodity using the commodity maturity ladder approach (BIPRU 7.4.26R). After the firm has carried out the pre-processing required by BIPRU 7.4.26R(2) (that is, step 1), it follows steps 2 to 5 as shown below. Because the firm is using the commodity maturity ladder approach the spread rate is 3%, the carry rate is 0.6% and the outright rate is 15%. The example assumes that the spot price

BIPRU 7.4.30G01/01/2007

Table: Example illustrating the commodity maturity ladder approachThis table belongs to BIPRU 7.4.29G

CASS 6.1.5G01/01/2009

For example, this chapter does not apply where a firm borrows safe custody assets2 from a client as principal under a stock lending agreement.2

CASS 6.1.15G01/01/2009

The custody rules do not apply if a firm temporarily handles a safe custody asset2 belonging to a client. A firm should temporarily handle a safe custody asset2 for no longer than is reasonably necessary. In most transactions this would be no longer than one business day, but it may be longer or shorter depending upon the transaction in question. For example, when a firm executes an order to sell shares which have not been registered on a de-materialised exchange, handling documents

Related provisions for BIPRU 7.5.12

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Description of interest rate types and rates of interest. This table belongs to MCOB 9.4.26R:

Description of interest rate types and rates of interest. This table belongs to MCOB 5.6.26R:

An example of how the information required by MCOB 5.6.52 R (1), MCOB 5.6.52 R (3) and MCOB 5.6.52 R (5) may be presented is as follows: