General Standards - all sales
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1.
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A sales process for stakeholder
products may allow the representative administering
it to depart from scripted questions where this is desirable to enable the customer to better understand
the points that need to be made provided this is compatible with the representative's competence
and the degree of support offered by the firm's software
and other systems. A software based system is more likely to provide an adaptable
means of providing prompts and support for representatives which may accordingly support
a more flexible sales process.
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2.
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Questions, statements and warnings provided to a customer should be short,
simple and couched in plain language that customers will understand. Questions should
address one issue at a time.
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3.
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The sales process should enable the customer to exit freely and without pressure
at any stage and should make provision for the representative to terminate the process
if at any stage it appears that there is no likelihood of any product being suitable
for the customer (whether
by reason of the affordability of products for
the customer,
the need to address other financial priorities (see below), the mis-match
of risk or otherwise).
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4.
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Where necessary the sales process should incorporate procedures
to allow uncertainties in the customer's answers
to be addressed before proceeding further and should generally reflect caution
about proceeding further if clarification or further information cannot be
obtained during the process (this would be likely to be the case for example
if a customer were
unable to confirm whether he or she was eligible for membership of an occupational pension scheme).
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Preliminary - all sales
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5.
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The following preliminary information and explanation should be
given to the customer:
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(a)
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only basic advice will be
given about stakeholder
products;
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(b)
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stakeholder products are
intended to provide a relatively simple and low-cost way of investing and
saving;
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(c)
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the range of products on
which the representative will give advice to that customer;
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(d)
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the customer will be asked
a series of questions about his or her circumstances and needs and at the
end of the procedure he or she may be recommended to acquire a stakeholder product;
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(e)
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that
the assessment of whether a stakeholder
product is suitable will be made without a detailed assessment
of the customer's needs
but will be based only upon the information disclosed during the questioning
process; and
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(f)
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the customer's answers will
be noted and that at the end of the process, if a recommendation to acquire
a stakeholder product is
made, the customer will
be provided with a copy of the completed questionnaire.
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6.
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Following 5, the customer should
be asked if he or she wishes to proceed and, if not, the sales process should
cease.
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Affordability - all sales
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7.
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If it appears that the customer will
be likely to be unable to afford a stakeholder
product, the sale should be terminated at that stage and the customer given an explanation
together with a copy of the questions and answers completed to that point.
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Financial Priorities and Debt - all sales
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8.
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A customer should
be assessed to ascertain other possible financial priorities such as the need
for insurance protection for self or dependents, the need for access to liquid
cash to meet an emergency, or, a need to reduce a level of existing debt and,
if appropriate, the customer should
be given an unambiguous warning about the desirability of meeting those other
priorities before making payments to a stakeholder
product.
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9.
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A stronger warning about the desirability of addressing debt as
a priority should be given if it appears that the customer is significantly indebted, and particularly
where there is a strong indication that such debt commitments may render any
new commitment unaffordable in the short-term. For this purpose a firm should consider using
a threshold or indicator to decide whether a customer should be excluded on the basis
of affordability. Examples may include where the customer has (a) annual unsecured debt repayments
in excess of 20% of gross annual income or (b) four or more active forms of
unsecured credit or (c) has consistently reached his overdraft limit. A firm should review its
chosen indicator or threshold regularly to ensure that it reflects prevailing
economic conditions and takes account of industry best practice.
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10.
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A firm should
clearly explain the information it is seeking in respect of a customer's 'debt' and
consider the use of a range of alternative words, such as 'loans', 'repayable
student loans' 'borrowing' or 'other forms of credit', to ensure all relevant
information is obtained. A firm may
use a simple reckoner to assess customer debt
but should be conscious of the nature of, and not give impression that they
are providing anything more than, basic
advice.
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11.
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After a firm has
given either or both of the warnings mentioned in 8 and 9 above, the customer should be invited
to consider whether the sales process should be terminated at that stage.
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Saving and investment objectives - all sales
(except establishing a stakeholder CTF)
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12.
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A customer's savings
and investment objectives, including the period over which the customer wishes to save
or invest, should be ascertained including whether:
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(a)
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early
access to some or all of the amount saved or invested could be important;
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(b)
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the customer wishes to save
or invest for retirement; or whether
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(c)
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the customer wants to accumulate
a specific sum by a specific date.
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13.
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If the information obtained under 12 above indicates that the customer's objective:
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(a)
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is
as described in 12 (c) then normally no CIS, linked life stakeholder product or
topping up of a stakeholder
CTF should be recommended; or
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(b)
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is
to save or invest for the short term only or that early access to the whole
accumulated sum may be important, then no CIS, linked
life stakeholder product, stakeholder
pension or topping up of a stakeholder
CTF should normally be recommended.
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Tolerance of risk - all sales
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14.
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If a customer is
not, in any circumstances, willing to accept any risk of the capital value
of an investment being reduced then normally no CIS, linked
life stakeholder product, or stakeholder CTF should be recommended. However
a firm may,
if it is appropriate, explain the effect of inflation on long-term savings
especially in relation to pensions and invite the customer to consider his attitude to risk
in the light of that explanation.
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15.
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If a customer is
willing to accept the risk of capital reduction in some circumstances but
not others then, before any recommendation to acquire a CIS or linked
life stakeholder product is made, the customer should be reminded of the other
circumstances in which he or she is unwilling to accept risk to capital.
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Stakeholder pensions
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16.
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A stakeholder
pension should not be recommended and instead the customer should be advised
to seek alternative or further advice if it
appears that the customer:
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(a)
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has
or will have access to an occupational
pension scheme; or
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(b)
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is
likely to view income in retirement from state benefits as sufficient; or
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(c)
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already
has a pension to which he or she could make further contributions; or
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(d)
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wishes
to retire within five years.
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17.
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In addition to providing the advice in 16, a firm may also want to advise the customer
that there may be more beneficial courses of action than buying a stakeholder pension (for
example joining an occupational
pension scheme).
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18.
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A firm designing
a sales process for use in the workplace may take account of the benefits
offered by the employer. If a firm recommends
a stakeholder pension on the basis of benefits
provided by an employer then it should explain the basis of the recommendation
to the customer and
suggest that the customer seek advice if
he or she has any concerns.
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19.
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A firm should
design its processes with a view to addressing the risk that customers will fail to
appreciate the significance of questions about their pension provision and
should accordingly incorporate a range of questions and information designed
to foster the customer's understanding
of the issues and to elicit appropriate information.
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20.
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Customers should
be told that a stakeholder pension is life-styled
and what this means.
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21.
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A firm may
provide a copy of the pension table specified in COB 6 Annex 1 R for the customer's reference
but in doing so should also provide and explain the caveats and assumptions
behind the table. A firm should
make it clear that the decision on how much to invest is the customer's responsibility
and that he should get further advice if has any concerns.
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Child Trust Funds
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22.
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A firm is reminded of its obligation
to provide a customer with the information
relating to stakeholder CTFs that is specified
in COB
6.5.40 (7)(a), COB 6.5.40 (7)(b), COB 6.5.40 (7)(d) and COB
6.5.40 (7)(e).
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ISAs
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23.
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It should be ascertained whether the customer has already opened an ISA (whether a "maxi"
or "mini" version) and if so whether it would be appropriate for the customer to open a non-ISA version of the same product.
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