Related provisions for MIPRU 4.2BA.46
1 - 20 of 38 items.
A clean-up call option must satisfy all of the following conditions:(1) it must be exercisable at the discretion of the firm;(2) it must only be exercised when 10% or less of the original value of the exposures securitised remains unamortised; (3) it must not be structured so that allocating losses to credit enhancement positions or other positions held by investors can be avoided; and (4) it must not otherwise be structured to provide credit enhancement.
The credit enhancement documentation must not contain clauses that require securitisation positions to be improved by the firm in response to a deterioration in the credit quality of the securitised exposures, including: (1) altering the credit quality of the underlying exposures; or(2) increasing the yield payable to investors in the securitisation positions.
If a firm repurchases securitised exposures or securitisation positions, it must:(1) be able to demonstrate that it has adequately considered the following:(a) the price of the repurchase;(b) the firm's capital and liquidity position before and after repurchase;(c) the performance of the securitised exposures; and(d) the performance of the securitisation positions;(2) have concluded, taking into account the factors in (1) and any other relevant information, that the repurchase
If a firm is found to have provided support to a securitisation it will be required to: (1) hold capital resources against all of the securitised exposures associated with the securitisation transaction as if they had not been securitised; and(2) disclose publicly in a timely fashion: (a) where it has provided such support; and(b) the regulatory capital impact of doing so.
The ECAI rating of a securitisation position must, at a minimum, comply with the following:(1) there must be no mismatch between the types of payments reflected in the credit assessment and the types of payment to which the firm is entitled under the contract giving rise to the securitisation position in question;(2) the rating must be publicly available to the market; and(3) the rating must not be based, or partly based, on support provided by the firm itself.
The assessment of whether a firm is providing unfunded support to its securitisation positions must take into account the economic substance of that support in the context of the overall transaction and any circumstances in which the firm could become exposed to a higher credit risk in the absence of that support. In this case the firm must consider the relevant position as if it were not rated and must apply the relevant treatment for unrated positions.
The use of the concentration ratio approach for unrated securitisation positions is only permitted where all the following conditions are met:(1) the concentration ratio is equal to the sum of the nominal amounts of all the tranches divided by the sum of the nominal amounts of the tranches junior to, or equal to, the tranche in which the position is held, including that tranche itself;(2) where the resulting risk weight for a securitisation position is lower than any risk weight
(1) A conversion factor of 50% may be applied to the nominal amount of an unrated liquidity facility where all the conditions in MIPRU 4.2BA.52 R are met. (2) The risk weight to be applied is the highest risk weight that would be applied to any of the securitised exposures by a firm holding those exposures.
A conversion factor of 0% may be applied to the nominal amount of an unrated liquidity facility where the following conditions are met: (1) the conditions for a conversion factor of 50% in MIPRU 4.2BA.52 R are met;(2) the liquidity facility is unconditionally cancellable; and(3) repayment of any drawings on the facility are senior to any other claims on the cashflows arising from the securitised exposures.
A firm must ensure that investors have access to all materially relevant data determined as at the date of the securitisation and, where appropriate due to the nature of the securitisation, thereafter. These data must include:(1) the credit quality, performance, cashflows and supporting collateral of the securitisation exposures; and(2) information necessary to conduct comprehensive and well-informed stress tests on the cashflows and collateral values supporting the securitisation
Where there is a securitisation of revolving exposures subject to an early amortisation provision, the originator must calculate an additional risk weighted exposure amount in accordance with this section in respect of the risk that the levels of credit risk to which it is exposed may increase following the operation of the early amortisation provision. Accordingly this section sets out how an originator must calculate a risk weighted exposure amount when it sells revolving exposures
For the purposes of this section, subject to BIPRU 9.13.6 R:(1) originators interest means the exposure value of that notional part of a pool of drawn amounts sold into a securitisation, the proportion of which in relation to the amount of the total pool sold into the structure determines the proportion of the cash-flows generated by principal and interest collections and other associated amounts which are not available to make payments to those having securitisation positions
Subject to BIPRU 9.13.7 R, the exposure of the originator associated with its rights in respect of the originators interest must not be treated as a securitisation position but as a pro rata exposure to the securitised exposures as if they had not been securitised.[Note:BCD Annex IX Part 4 point 20]
(1) For firms using the IRB approach set out in BIPRU 4, this paragraph applies in place of BIPRU 9.13.4 R.(2) For the purposes of this section, originators interest means the sum of:(a) the exposure value of that notional part of a pool of drawn amounts sold into a securitisation, the proportion of which in relation to the amount of the total pool sold into the structure determines the proportion of the cash-flows generated by principal and interest collections and other associated
For firms using the IRB approach set out in BIPRU 4, this paragraph applies in place of BIPRU 9.13.5 R. The exposure of the originator associated with its rights in respect of that part of the originators interest described in BIPRU 9.13.6 R (2)(a) must not be treated as a securitisation position but as a pro rata exposure to the securitised drawn amounts as if they had not been securitised in an amount equal to that described in BIPRU 9.13.6 R (2)(a). The originator must also
Originators of the following types of securitisation are exempt from the capital requirement in BIPRU 9.13.1 R:(1) securitisations of revolving exposures whereby investors remain fully exposed to all future draws by borrowers so that the risk on the underlying facilities does not return to the originator even after an early amortisation event has occurred; and(2) securitisations where any early amortisation provision is solely triggered by events not related to the performance
For an originator subject to the capital requirement in BIPRU 9.13.1 R the total of the risk weighted exposure amounts in respect of its positions in the investors interest (as defined in BIPRU 9.13.4 R or BIPRU 9.13.6 R) and the risk weighted exposure amounts calculated under BIPRU 9.13.1 R must be no greater than the greater of:(1) the risk weighted exposure amounts calculated in respect of its positions in the investors interest (as so defined); and(2) the risk weighted exposure
The risk weighted exposure amount to be calculated in accordance with BIPRU 9.13.1 R must be determined by multiplying the amount of the investors interest (as defined in BIPRU 9.13.4 R or BIPRU 9.13.6 R) by the product of:(1) the appropriate conversion figure as indicated in BIPRU 9.13.16 R, BIPRU 9.13.19 R or BIPRU 9.13.20 R; and(2) the weighted average risk weight that would apply to the securitised exposures if the exposures had not been securitised.[Note:BCD Annex IX Part
In the case of a securitisation meeting the following conditions:(1) it is subject to an early amortisation provision;(2) the securitisation is of retail exposures which are uncommitted and unconditionally cancellable without prior notice; and(3) the early amortisation is triggered by the excess spread level falling to a specified levela firm must, to calculate the appropriate conversion figure referred to in BIPRU 9.13.11 R, compare the three-month average excess spread level
In the case of a securitisation meeting the conditions in this paragraph, a firm may apply to the appropriate regulator for a waiver that would allow a treatment which approximates closely to that prescribed in BIPRU 9.13.13 R to BIPRU 9.13.17 R for determining the conversion figure indicated. If a firm wants such a waiver, it should satisfy the appropriate regulator that:(1) the securitisation is subject to an early amortisation provision of retail exposures;(2) those retail
For an originator, a sponsor, or for other firms which can calculate KIRB, the risk weighted exposure amounts calculated in respect of its positions in a securitisation may be limited to that which would produce an amount in respect of its credit risk capital requirement equal to the sum of 8% of the risk weighted exposure amount which would be produced if the securitised assets had not been securitised and were on the balance sheet of the firm plus the expected loss amounts of
Under the ratings based method, the risk weighted exposure amount of a rated securitisation position4 or resecuritisation position4 must be calculated by applying to the exposure value the risk weight associated with the credit quality step with which the credit assessment is associated as prescribed in BIPRU 9.12.11 R multiplied by 1.06.[Note:BCD Annex IX Part 4 point 46]44
Table:
This table belongs to BIPRU 9.12.10 R
44Credit Quality Step |
Securitisation positions |
Resecuritisation positions |
||||
Credit assessments other than short term |
Short-term credit assessments |
A |
B |
C |
D |
E |
1 |
1 |
7% |
12% |
20% |
20% |
30% |
2 |
8% |
15% |
25% |
25% |
40% |
|
3 |
10% |
18% |
35% |
35% |
50% |
|
4 |
2 |
12% |
20% |
40% |
65% |
|
5 |
20% |
35% |
60% |
100% |
||
6 |
35% |
50% |
100% |
150% |
||
7 |
3 |
60% |
75% |
150% |
225% |
|
8 |
100% |
200% |
350% |
|||
9 |
250% |
300% |
500% |
|||
10 |
425% |
500% |
650% |
|||
11 |
650% |
750% |
850% |
|||
all other, unrated |
1250% |
|||||
[Note: For mapping of the credit quality step to the credit assessments of eligible ECAIs, refer to: http://www.fca.org.uk/your-fca/documents/fsa-ecais-securitisation for the FCA and http://www.bankofengland.co.uk/publications/Documents/other/pra/policy/2013/ecaissecuritisation.pdf for the PRA.]
4For the purposes of BIPRU 9.12.10 R:34(1) the weightings in column C of BIPRU 9.12.11 R must be applied where the securitisation position is not a resecuritisation position and where the effective number of exposures securitised is less than six;4(2) for the remainder of the securitisation positions that are not resecuritisation positions, the weightings in column B must be applied unless the position is in the most senior tranche of a securitisation, in which case the weightings
In calculating the effective number of exposuressecuritised,4 multiple exposures to one obligor must be treated as one exposure. The effective number of exposures is calculated as:N = (((i)(EADi))2)/((i)(EADi2))where EADi represents the sum of the exposure values of all exposures to the ith obligor. If the portfolio share associated with the largest exposure, C1, is available, the firm may compute N as 1/C1.4[Note:BCD Annex IX Part 4 point 49]44
(1) If:(a) a firm'sIRB permission allows it to use this treatment; and(b) the conditions in (2)(16) are satisfied,a firm may attribute to an unrated position in an asset backed commercial paper programme a derived rating as laid down in (3).(2) Positions in the commercial paper issued from the programme must be rated positions.(3) Under the ABCP internal assessment approach, the unrated position must be assigned by the firm to one of the rating grades described in (5). The position
(1) Subject to any permission of the type described in BIPRU 9.12.28 G, the risk weight to be applied to the exposure amount must be:12.5 (S[L+T] - S[L]) / T(2) The remaining provisions of this paragraph define the terms used in the formulae in (1) and (3).(3) 2(4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14) (15) In these expressions, Beta [x; a, b]refers to the cumulative beta distribution with parameters a and b evaluated at x.(16) T (the thickness of the tranche in which the
(1) Under the supervisory formula method, if the exposure value of the largest securitisedexposure, C1, is no more than 3% of the sum of the exposure values of the securitisedexposures, then for the purposes of the supervisory formula method the firm may set LGD equal 50% and N equal to either:(a) ;or(b) N=1/ C1.(2) Cm is the ratio of the sum of the exposure values of the largest 'm' exposures to the sum of the exposure values of the exposuressecuritised. The level of m may be
Where a securitisation of retail exposures has a sufficiently low value of N for the simplification in BIPRU 9.12.23 R (3) to result in a material change in the capital charge as compared to the position if the approach in BIPRU 9.12.23 R were not taken, a firm should discuss with the appropriate regulator the suitability of its use.
(1) When it is not practical for the firm to calculate the risk weighted exposure amounts for the securitised exposures as if they had not been securitised and the position does not qualify for the ABCP internal assessment approach, a firm may apply to the appropriate regulator for a variation of its IRB permission under which, on an exceptional basis, it may temporarily apply the method in (2) for the calculation of risk weighted exposure amounts for an unratedsecuritisation
(1) A firm must notify the FCA that it is relying on the deemed transfer of significant credit risk under article 244(2)2 of the UK CRR3 (Traditional securitisation) or article 245(2)2 of the UK CRR3 (Synthetic securitisation), including when this is for the purposes of article 337(5) of the UK CRR3, no later than one month after the date of the transfer.(2) The notification in (1) must include sufficient information to allow the FCA to assess whether the possible reduction in
An originator of securitisations is able to use the securitisation risk weights (and not calculate own funds requirements on the assets underlying its securitisation) in either of the following cases:(1) the firm transfers significant credit risk associated with the securitisedexposures to third parties; or(2) the firm deducts from common equity tier 1 capital or applies a 1250% risk weight to all positions it holds in the securitisation.
The significant risk transfer requirements in articles 2442 (Traditional securitisation) or 2452 (Synthetic securitisation) of the UK CRR3 provide three options for a firm to demonstrate how it transfers significant credit risk for any given transaction:(1) the originator does not retain more than 50% of the risk-weighted exposure amounts of mezzanine securitisation positions (as defined in article 242(18) of the UK CRR3), where these are:2(a) securitisation positions to which
Where the FCA considers that the possible reduction in risk-weighted exposure amounts (RWEA) achieved via the securitisation is not justified by a commensurate transfer of credit risk to third parties, significant risk transfer will be considered to not have been achieved. Consequently, a firm will not be able to recognise any reduction in RWEA due to the transaction.
Notification under IFPRU 4.12.1 G should include sufficient information to enable the FCA to assess whether the possible reduction in RWEA which would be achieved by the securitisation is justified by a commensurate transfer of credit risk to third parties. The FCA expects this to include the following:(1) details of the securitisation positions, including rating, exposure value and RWEA broken down by securitisation positions sold and retained;(2) key transaction documentation
An originator must transfer a significant amount of credit risk associated with securitisedexposures to third parties to be able to apply the securitisation risk weights set out in Part Three, Title II, Chapter 5 of the UK CRR3 (Securitisation), and any associated reduction in own funds requirements must be matched by a commensurate transfer of risk to third parties.
Where a firm achieves significant risk transfer for a particular transaction, the FCA expects it to continue to monitor risks related to the transaction to which it may still be exposed. The firm should consider capital planning implications of securitised assets returning to its balance sheet. The UK CRR3 requires a firm to conduct regular stress testing of its securitisation activities and off-balance sheet exposures. The stress tests should consider the firm-wide impact of
(1) Covered bonds means covered bonds as defined in the definition in the Glossary10 and collateralised by any of the following eligible assets:(a) exposures to or guaranteed by the UK central government, the Bank of England,10public sector entities, regional governments and local authorities in the UK10;(b) (i) exposures to or guaranteed by non-UK10 central governments, non-UK10central banks, multilateral development banks, international organisations that qualify for the credit
Subject to BIPRU 9.11.5 R, the risk weighted exposure amount of a rated securitisation position or resecuritisation position2 must be calculated by applying to the exposure value the risk weight associated with the credit quality step with which the credit assessment has been determined to be associated, as prescribed in BIPRU 9.11.2 R .2[Note:BCD Annex IX Part 4 point 6]2
For an originator or sponsor, the risk weighted exposure amounts calculated in respect of its positions in a securitisation may be limited to the risk weighted exposure amounts which would be calculated for the securitised exposures had they not been securitised subject to the presumed application of a 150% risk weight to all past due items and items belonging to regulatory high risk categories (see BIPRU 3.4.104 R and BIPRU 3 Annex 3 R) amongst the securitised exposures.[Note:BCD
(1) A firm having an unratedsecuritisation position may apply the treatment set out in this paragraph for calculating the risk weighted exposure amount for that position provided the composition of the pool of exposuressecuritised is known at all times.(2) A firm may apply the weighted-average risk weight that would be applied to the securitised exposures referred to in (1) under the standardised approach by a firm holding the exposures multiplied by a concentration ratio.(3)
(1) This provision contains guidance on the requirement in BIPRU 9.11.6 R (1) that the composition of the pool of exposuressecuritised must be known at all times.(2) The composition should be known sufficiently at the time of purchase for the firm to be able accurately to calculate the risk weighted exposure amounts of the pool under the standardised approach.(3) Thereafter, any change to the composition of the pool during the life of the transaction that would lead to an increase
Subject to the availability of a more favourable treatment by virtue of the provisions concerning liquidity facilities in BIPRU 9.11.10 RBIPRU 9.11.12 R, a firm may apply to securitisation positions meeting the conditions set out in BIPRU 9.11.9 R a risk weight that is the greater of:(1) 100%, or(2) the highest of the risk weights that would be applied to any of the securitised exposures under the standardised approach by a firm holding the exposures.[Note:BCD Annex IX Part 4
When the conditions in this paragraph have been met, and in order to determine its exposure value, a conversion figure of 50% may be applied to the nominal amount of a liquidity facility. The risk weight to be applied is the highest risk weight that would be applied to any of the securitised exposures under the standardised approach by a firm holding the exposures. Those conditions are as follows:11(1) the liquidity facility documentation must clearly identify and limit the circumstances
To determine its exposure value, a conversion figure of 0% may be applied to the nominal amount of a liquidity facility that is unconditionally cancellable provided that the conditions set out at BIPRU 9.11.10 R are satisfied and that repayment of draws on the facility are senior to any other claims on the cash flows arising from the securitised exposures.[Note:BCD Annex IX Part 4 point 15]
Where a firm calculates the risk weighted exposure amount of a securitisation position under the standardised approach, where credit protection is obtained on a securitisation position, the calculation of risk weighted exposure amounts may be modified in accordance with BIPRU 5 (Credit risk mitigation).[Note:BCD Annex IX Part 4 point 34]
Where risk weighted exposure amounts are calculated using the ratings based method, the exposure value and/or the risk weighted exposure amount for a securitisation position in respect of which credit protection has been obtained may be modified in accordance with the provisions of BIPRU 5 (Credit risk mitigation) as they apply for the calculation of risk weighted exposure amounts under the standardised approach set out in BIPRU 3.[Note:BCD Annex IX Part 4 point 62]
In the case of funded credit protection, the risk weighted exposure amount of the securitisation position must be calculated by multiplying the funded protection-adjusted exposure amount of the position (E*, as calculated under BIPRU 5.4.28 R (3), taking the amount of the securitisation position to be E) by the effective risk weight.[Note:BCD Annex IX Part 4 point 64]
In the case of unfunded credit protection, the risk weighted exposure amount of the securitisation position must be calculated by multiplying GA (the amount of the protection adjusted for any currency mismatch and maturity mismatch in accordance BIPRU 5.7.23 R (2)) by the risk weight of the protection provider; and adding this to the amount arrived at by multiplying the amount of the securitisation position minus GA by the effective risk weight.[Note:BCD Annex IX Part 4 point
In other cases the firm must treat the securitisation position as two or more positions with the uncovered portion being the position with the lower credit quality. For the purposes of calculating the risk weighted exposure amount for this position, the provisions in BIPRU 9.12.22 R to BIPRU 9.12.24 G apply subject to the modifications that T is adjusted to e* in the case of funded credit protection; and to T-g in the case of unfunded credit protection, where e* denotes the ratio
The originator of a traditional securitisation may exclude securitised exposures from the calculation of risk weighted exposure amounts and expected loss amounts if either of the following conditions is fulfilled:(1) 2significant credit risk associated with the securitised exposures is considered to have been transferred to third parties; or(2) 2the originator applies a 1250% risk weight to all securitisation positions it holds in the securitisation or deducts these securitisation
Where there is a clean-up call option, the following conditions must be satisfied:(1) the clean-up call option is exercisable at the discretion of the originator;(2) the clean-up call option may only be exercised when 10% or less of the original value of the exposuressecuritised remains unamortised; and(3) the clean-up call option is not structured to avoid allocating losses to credit enhancement positions or other positions held by investors and is not otherwise structured to
The securitisation documentation must not contain clauses that:(1) other than in the case of early amortisation provisions, require positions in the securitisation to be improved by the originator including but not limited to altering the underlying credit exposures or increasing the yield payable to investors in response to a deterioration in the credit quality of the securitised exposures; or(2) increase the yield payable to holders of positions in the securitisation in response
2Significant credit risk will be considered to be transferred for an originator in the following cases:(1) 2the risk weighted exposure amounts of the mezzanine securitisation positions held by the originator in the securitisation do not exceed 50% of the risk weighted exposure amounts of all mezzanine securitisation positions existing in this securitisation;(2) 2where there are no mezzanine securitisation positions in a given securitisation and the originator can demonstrate that
2An originator must notify the appropriate regulator that it is relying on the deemed transfer of significant credit risk under BIPRU 9.4.11R within a reasonable period before or after a relevant transfer, not being later than one month after the date of the transfer. The notification must include the following information:(1) 2the risk weighted exposure amount of the securitised exposures and retained securitisation positions; (2) 2the exposure value of the securitised exposures
2In the event that the appropriate regulator decides that the possible reduction in risk weighted exposure amounts which the originator would achieve by the securitisation referred to in BIPRU 9.4.11R is not justified by a commensurate transfer of credit risk to third parties, it will use its powers under section 55J (Variation etc on the Authority's own initiative) of the Act to require the firm to increase its risk weight exposure amount to an amount commensurate with the appropriate
To calculate the risk weighted exposure amount of a securitisation position, the relevant risk weight must be assigned to the exposure value of the position in accordance with BIPRU 9.9 - BIPRU 9.14 based on the credit quality of the position.[Note:BCD Article 96(1) (part) and Annex IX1, Part 4 point 1]
(1) Where there is an exposure to different tranches in a securitisation, the exposure to each tranche must be considered a separate securitisation position.(2) The providers of credit protection to securitisation positions must be treated as holding positions in the securitisation.(3) securitisation positions include exposures to a securitisation arising from interest rate or currency derivative contracts.[Note:BCD Article 96(2)]
Subject to BIPRU 9.9.5 R,(1) where a firm calculates risk weighted exposure amounts under the standardised approach to securitisations outlined in BIPRU 9.11, the exposure value of an on-balance sheet securitisation position must be its balance sheet value;(2) where a firm calculates risk weighted exposure amounts under the IRB approach to securitisations outlined in BIPRU 9.12, the exposure value of an on-balance sheet securitisation position must be measured gross of value adjustments;(3)
Where a securitisation position is subject to funded credit protection, the exposure value of that position may be modified in accordance with and subject to the requirements of BIPRU 5 (Credit risk mitigation) as further specified in BIPRU 9.11.13 R and BIPRU 9.14.[Note:BCD Annex IX Part 4 point 4]
(1) Where a firm has two or more overlapping positions in a securitisation the firm must, to the extent that the positions overlap, include in its calculation of risk weighted exposure amounts only the position, or portion of a position, producing the higher risk weighted exposure amounts. The firm may also recognise such an overlap between capital charges for specific risk in relation to positions in the trading book and capital charges for positions in the non-trading book,
Subject to the provisions of GENPRU that deal with the deduction of securitisation positions at stage M in the relevant capital resources table, the risk weighted exposure amount must be included in the firm's total of risk weighted exposure amounts for the purposes of the calculation of its credit risk capital requirement.[Note:BCD Article 96(4)]
Each exposure must be assigned to one of the following exposure classes:(1) claims or contingent claims on central governments and central banks;(2) claims or contingent claims on institutions;(3) claims or contingent claims on corporates;(4) retail claims or contingent retail claims;(5) equity claims;(6) securitisation positions; and(7) non credit-obligation assets.[Note: BCD Article 86(1)]
The expected loss amounts calculated in accordance with BIPRU 4.3.6 R (1), BIPRU 4.3.6 R (2) and BIPRU 4.3.6 R (4) must be subtracted from the sum of value adjustments and provisions related to these exposures. Discounts on balance sheet exposures purchased when in default according to BIPRU 4.4.71 R must be treated in the same manner as value adjustments. Expected loss amounts for securitised exposures and value adjustments and provisions related to these exposures must not be
The appropriate regulator expects an originator to continue to monitor any risks that it may be subject to when it has excluded the securitised exposures from its calculation of risk weighted exposure amounts. The originator should consider capital planning implications where risks may return and the impact that securitisation has on the quality of the remaining exposures held by the originator.
(1) The appropriate regulator expects firms to conduct regular stress testing in relation to their securitisation activities and off-balance sheet exposures. The stress tests should consider the firm-wide impact of those activities and exposures in stressed market conditions and the implications for other sources of risk, for example, credit risk, concentration risk, counterparty risk, market risk, liquidity risk and reputational risk. Stress testing of securitisation activities
BIPRU 9 deals with:(1) requirements for investors,3originators and sponsors of securitisations of non-trading bookexposures;3(2) the calculation of risk weighted exposure amount for securitisation positions for the purposes of calculating either the credit risk capital component or the counterparty risk capital component; and3(3) the requirements that investors, originators and sponsors of securitisations in the trading book will have to meet (BIPRU 9.3.1AR, BIPRU 9.3.15R to BIPRU
(1) An originator of a synthetic securitisation may calculate risk weighted exposure amounts1, and, as relevant, expected loss amounts, for the securitised exposures in accordance with BIPRU 9.5.3 R and BIPRU 9.5.4 R, if either of the following conditions is fulfilled:1(a) 1significant credit risk is considered to have been transferred to third parties, either through funded or unfunded credit protection; or(b) 1the originator applies a 1250% risk weight to all securitisation
1In the event that the appropriate regulator decides that the possible reduction in risk weighted exposure amounts which the originatorcredit institution would achieve by the securitisation referred to in BIPRU 9.5.1R (6) is not justified by a commensurate transfer of credit risk to third parties, it will use its powers under section 55J (Variation etc on the Authority's own initiative) of the Act to require the firm to increase its risk weight exposure amount to an amount commensurate
(1) In calculating risk weighted exposure amounts for the securitised exposures, where the conditions in BIPRU 9.5.1 R are met, the originator of a synthetic securitisation must, subject to the treatment of maturity mismatches set out in BIPRU 9.5.6 R-BIPRU 9.5.8 R, use the relevant calculation methodologies set out in BIPRU 9.9-BIPRU 9.14and not those set out in BIPRU 3 (Standardised credit risk) or BIPRU 4 (IRB approach).(2) For firms calculating risk weighted exposure amounts
Subject to the treatment of maturity mismatches set out in BIPRU 9.5.6 R-BIPRU 9.5.8 R, the originator must calculate risk weighted exposure amounts in respect of all tranches in the securitisation in accordance with the provisions of BIPRU 9.9-BIPRU 9.14. For example, where a tranche is transferred by means of unfunded credit protection to a third party, the risk weight of that third party must be applied to the tranche in the calculation of the originatorsrisk weighted exposure
For the purposes of calculating risk weighted exposure amounts in accordance with BIPRU 9.5.3 R, any maturity mismatch between the credit protection by which the tranching is achieved and the securitised exposures must be taken into consideration in accordance with BIPRU 9.5.7 R-BIPRU 9.5.8 R.[Note:BCD Annex IX Part 2 point 5]
The maturity of the securitised exposures must be taken to be the longest maturity of any of those exposures subject to a maximum of five years. The maturity of the credit protection must be determined in accordance with BIPRU 5 (Credit risk mitigation) and, so far as relevant, BIPRU 4.10 (Credit risk mitigation under the IRB approach).[Note:BCD Annex IX Part 2 point 6]
(1) An originator must ignore any maturity mismatch in calculating risk weighted exposure amounts for tranches appearing pursuant to BIPRU 9.9-BIPRU 9.14 with a risk weight of 1250%. For all other tranches the maturity mismatch treatment prescribed in BIPRU 5.8 (Maturity mismatches) must be applied in accordance with the following formula:RW* is [RW(SP) x (t-t*)/(T-t*)] + [RW(Ass) x (T-t)/(T-t*)](2) The following apply for the purposes of the formula in (1):(a) RW* is risk weighted
An originator which, in respect of a securitisation in the non-trading book,1 has made use of BIPRU 9.3.1 R in the calculation of risk weighted exposure amounts, or a sponsor, must not, with a view to reducing potential or actual losses to investors, provide support to the securitisation beyond its contractual obligations.[Note: BCD Article 101(1)]
If an originator or sponsor fails to comply with BIPRU 9.6.1 R or BIPRU 9.6.1A R1 in respect of a securitisation, it must:(1) hold capital against all of the securitised exposures associated with the securitisation transaction as if they had not been securitised; and(2) disclose publicly:(a) that it has provided non-contractual support;1 and(b) the regulatory capital impact of doing so.[Note: BCD Article 101(2)]
(1) Securitisation documentation should make clear, where applicable, that any repurchase of securitised exposures or securitisation positions by the originator or sponsor beyond its contractual obligations is not mandatory and may only be made at fair market value. In general, any such repurchase should be subject to a firm's credit review and approval process, which should be adequate to ensure that the repurchase complies with BIPRU 9.6.1 R.(2) If an originator or sponsor repurchases
1Significant credit risk will be considered to have been transferred for originators in the following cases:(1) the risk weighted exposure amounts of the mezzanine securitisation positions held by the originator in the securitisation do not exceed 50% of the risk weighted exposure amounts of all mezzanine securitisation positions existing in this securitisation;(2) where there are no mezzanine securitisation positions in a given securitisation and the originator can demonstrate
1An originator must notify the appropriate regulator that it is relying on the deemed transfer of significant credit risk under BIPRU 9.3.7R within a reasonable period before or after a relevant transfer, not being later than one month after the date of the transfer. The notification must include the following information: (1) the risk weighted exposure amount of the securitised exposures and retained securitisation positions; (2) the exposure value of the securitised exposures
1In the event that the appropriate regulator decides that the possible reduction in risk weighted exposure amounts which the originator would achieve by the securitisation referred to in BIPRU 9.3.7R is not justified by a commensurate transfer of credit risk to third parties, it will use its powers under section 55J of the Act (Variation etc on the Authority's own initiative) to require the firm to increase its risk weighted exposure amount to an amount commensurate with the appropriate
Table: specific risk position risk adjustments - standardised approach
3Credit quality step |
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 (only for credit assessments other than short-term credit assessments) |
All other credit quality steps |
1.6% |
4% |
8% |
28% |
100% |
|
3.2% |
8% |
18% |
52% |
100% |
|
A firm may only apply the position risk adjustments in this table where it would have to calculate a risk weighted exposure amount in accordance with the standardised approach to securitisation and resecuritisation positions if such positions were in its non-trading book under BIPRU 9. The appropriate position risk adjustment is calculated as 8% of the risk weight that would apply to the position under the standardised approach in BIPRU 9.11.2 R, subject to the requirements of BIPRU 9.9 to BIPRU 9.11, where appropriate. |
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Table: specific risk Position Risk Adjustments - IRB approach
3Credit Quality Step |
Securitisation positions |
Resecuritisation positions |
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Credit assessments other than short term |
Short-term credit assessments |
A |
B |
C |
D |
E |
1 |
1 |
0.56% |
0.96% |
1.6% |
1.6% |
2.4% |
2 |
0.64% |
1.20% |
2% |
2% |
3.2% |
|
3 |
0.8% |
1.44% |
2.8% |
2.8% |
4% |
|
4 |
2 |
0.96% |
1.6% |
3.2% |
5.2% |
|
5 |
1.60% |
2.8% |
4.8% |
8% |
||
6 |
2.8% |
4% |
8% |
12% |
||
7 |
3 |
4.8% |
6% |
12% |
18% |
|
8 |
8% |
16% |
28% |
|||
9 |
20% |
24% |
40% |
|||
10 |
34% |
40% |
52% |
|||
11 |
52% |
60% |
68% |
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all other unrated |
100% |
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A firm may only apply the position risk adjustments in this table where it would have to calculate a risk weighted exposure amount in accordance with the IRB approach to securitisation and resecuritisation positions if such positions were in its non-trading book under BIPRU 9. The appropriate position risk adjustment is calculated as 8% of the risk weight that would apply to the position under the IRB approach in BIPRU 9.12.11 R, subject to the requirements in BIPRU 9.12 where appropriate. |
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3A securitisation exposure in the trading book that would be subject to deduction in accordance with GENPRU 2.2. (Capital resources) or to a 1250% risk weight in accordance with BIPRU 9 (Securitisation) is subject to a capital charge that is no less than that set out under those provisions, capped at the maximum possible default-risk-related loss. Unrated liquidity facilities are subject to a capital charge that is no less than that set out in BIPRU 9.
A firm must assign each exposure to one of the following exposure classes:(1) claims or contingent claims on central governments or central banks;(2) claims or contingent claims on regional governments or local authorities;(3) claims or contingent claims on administrative bodies and non-commercial undertakings;(4) claims or contingent claims on multilateral development banks;(5) claims or contingent claims on international organisation;(6) claims or contingent claims on institutions;(7)
In respect of a securitisation position in respect of which a 1250% risk weight is assigned, a firm may, as an alternative to including the position in its calculation of risk weighted exposure amounts, deduct from its capital resources the exposure value of the position. For these purposes, the calculation of the exposure value may reflect eligible funded protection in a manner consistent with BIPRU 9.14.[Note:BCD Annex IX Part 4 points 35, 74 and 75(b)]
If a BIPRU firm calculates risk weighted exposure amounts under the IRB approach for the purposes of BIPRU 14 (Capital requirements for settlement and counterparty risk) it must not include valuation adjustments referred to in BIPRU 14.2.18 R (1) (Treatment of expected loss amounts) in its capital resources except in accordance with that rule.
A BIPRU firm calculating risk weighted exposure amounts under the IRB approach or the standardised approach to credit risk must deduct from its capital resources the following:1313(1) the exposure amount of securitisation positions which receive a risk weight of 1250% under BIPRU 9 (Securitisation), unless the firm includes the securitisation positions in its calculation of risk weighted exposure amounts (see BIPRU 9.10 (Reduction in risk-weighted exposure amounts)); and13(2)
A firm must have internal methodologies that:(1) enable it to assess the credit risk of exposures to individual obligors, securities or securitisation positions and credit risk at the portfolio level;(2) do not rely solely or mechanistically on external credit ratings;(3) where its own funds requirements under Part Three of the UK CRR5 (Capital Requirements) are based on a rating by an ECAI or based on the fact that an exposure is unrated, enable the firm to consider other relevant