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SYSC 27.1 Application and purpose

Application

SYSC 27.1.1 R

1This chapter applies to an SMCR firm, except those excluded from this chapter by SYSC 27.6 (Other exclusions)2.

SYSC 27.1.2 G

1This chapter is also relevant to employees of SMCR firms performing functions specified as FCA certification functions.

Purpose

SYSC 27.1.3 G
  1. (1)

    1This chapter is about the FCA’s certification regime.

  2. (2)

    Under this regime, a firm should ensure that its employees only perform an FCA certification function if they have a certificate issued by that firm to perform that function.

  3. (3)

    The purpose of this chapter is to specify ‘FCA certification functions’ and to give guidance on the FCA’s certification regime.

SYSC 27.2 Requirements of the certification regime

General

SYSC 27.2.1 G

1Most of the requirements of the certification regime are in the Act. This section summarises and gives guidance on them.

SYSC 27.2.2 G

1 SYSC TP 5 , SYSC TP 7 and SYSC TP 83 contain transitional material about the certification regime. This includes material about the fact that:

  1. (1)

    the requirement in SYSC 27.2.3G did not come into force at the same time as the rest of the certification regime; and

  2. (2)

    the certification regime came into force at different times for different types of firm.

Basic requirements

SYSC 27.2.3 G

1Under section 63E(1) of the Act, a firm must take reasonable care to ensure that no employee of the firm performs an FCA certification function under an arrangement entered into by the firm in relation to the carrying on by that firm of a regulated activity, unless the employee has a valid certificate issued by that firm to perform the function to which the certificate relates.

Fitness to act

SYSC 27.2.4 G

1Under section 63F of the Act, a firm may issue a certificate to a person only if the firm is satisfied that the person is a fit and proper person to perform the FCA certification function to which the certificate relates.

SYSC 27.2.5 G

1Under section 63F of the Act, in assessing if a person is fit and proper to perform an FCA certification function, a firm must have regard, in particular, to whether that person:

  1. (1)

    has obtained a qualification;

  2. (2)

    has undergone, or is undergoing, training;

  3. (3)

    possesses a level of competence; or

  4. (4)

    has the personal characteristics,

required by general rules made by the FCA.

SYSC 27.2.6 G

1 FIT 1.3 provides guidance to firms about the criteria that the FCA would expect the firm to consider in assessing if a person is fit and proper to perform an FCA certification function.

SYSC 27.2.7 G

1 SYSC 22 (Regulatory references) deals with obtaining references from a previous employer when a firm is planning to appoint someone to perform a certification function as part of its assessment of whether that person is fit and proper.

SYSC 27.2.8 G
  1. (1)

    1A person seconded from a contractor may fall into the certification regime. The material in SYSC 27.4.1G is relevant to when this is the case.

  2. (2)

    In deciding whether a person seconded from a contractor is fit and proper, the firm may take into account information and references from the contractor.

  3. (3)

    In deciding how much reliance to put on the contractor, the firm should take into account:

    1. (a)

      the familiarity of the contractor with the obligations of firms under this chapter, the corresponding PRA requirements (if the firm is a PRA-authorised person)3 and the requirements of the Act described in this chapter;

    2. (b)

      whether any reference directly addresses the criteria in FIT; and

    3. (c)

      the degree to which the firm believes it can rely on the contractor’s judgement about the secondee’s fitness and properness and the grounds for that belief.

Issuing and renewing certificates

SYSC 27.2.9 G

1Under section 63F of the Act, a certificate issued by a firm to a person must:

  1. (1)

    state that the firm is satisfied that the person is fit and proper to perform the function to which the certificate relates; and

  2. (2)

    set out the aspects of the affairs of the firm in which the person will be involved in performing the function.

SYSC 27.2.10 G
  1. (1)

    1The Act says that a certificate is valid for a period of 12 months, beginning with the day on which it is issued.

  2. (2)

    The FCA believes that the Act allows a firm to draft a certificate to expire after fewer than 12 months. The FCA interprets the Act in this way because to require a firm to make a certificate last longer than the firm thinks best is likely to make it harder for the firm to ensure the fitness of its certification employees. That would undermine the purpose of the certification regime in the Act.

  3. (3)

    A certificate cannot be drafted to last more than 12 months.

SYSC 27.2.11 G

1Under section 63F of the Act, if, after having considered if a person is fit and proper to perform an FCA certification function, a firm decides not to issue a certificate to that person, the firm must give the person a notice in writing stating:

  1. (1)

    what steps (if any) the firm proposes to take in relation to the person as a result of the decision; and

  2. (2)

    the reasons for proposing to take those steps.

SYSC 27.2.12 G

1If, after having considered whether a person is fit and proper to perform an FCA certification function, a firm decides not to issue a certificate to that person, it should consider if the circumstances warrant making a notification to the FCA for a breach of the rules in COCON pursuant to SUP 15.3.11R (Breaches of rules and other requirements in or under the Act or the CCA).

SYSC 27.2.13 G

1Under section 63F of the Act, a firm must maintain a record of every employee who has a valid certificate issued by it.

SYSC 27.2.14 G
  1. (1)

    1A firm need not issue multiple certificates for one of its employees even if they perform several FCA certification functions as part of the same job.

  2. (2)

    Similarly, a firm need not issue multiple certificates for one of its employees who performs an FCA certification function that is made up of a number of different functions.

  3. (3)

    An example of an FCA certification function in (2) is the material risk taker FCA certification function described in SYSC 27.8.14R. SYSC 27.8.14R says that each function carried out by someone who is covered by that rule is an FCA certification function.

  4. (4)

    Rather than having to issue multiple certificates, a firm may, in a single certificate, describe the employee’s functions that involve an FCA certification function in broad terms, and without listing all the activities that the function may involve.

  5. (5)

    A firm should assess whether the employee is fit and proper to perform all aspects of the employee’s functions that involve an FCA certification function as described by a certificate.

  6. (6)

    Although a firm does not need to issue multiple certificates for an employee who performs several different certification functions, under the requirements in SUP 16.26 (Reporting of Directory persons) the firm will need to specify each of the certification functions which the employee has been assessed as fit and proper to perform and for which the employee has a certificate at the time of the report.2

SYSC 27.2.15 G
  1. (1)

    1In cases where a certification employee’s role changes to involve a new FCA certification function part way through the 12-month period for which their certificate is valid, the firm may need to reissue the certificate.

  2. (2)

    If that new function has different requirements relating to:

    1. (a)

      personal characteristics;

    2. (b)

      the level of competence, knowledge and experience;

    3. (c)

      qualifications; or

    4. (d)

      training;

    the FCA would expect the firm to assess whether the employee is fit and proper to perform that new function before they start it.

  3. (3)

    In such a case, the firm should not wait until the point of annual reassessment to determine whether the employee is fit and proper for the new function.

  4. (4)

    A firm may not need to issue a new certificate if:

    1. (a)

      applying the conditions in paragraph (2), the firm concludes that no re-assessment is required; and

    2. (b)

      the certificate is drafted broadly enough to cover the new FCA certification function.

  5. (5)

    Paragraphs (1) to (4) also apply if a certification employee’s role changes part way through the 12-month period without the new role involving a new FCA certification function.

SYSC 27.2.16 G
  1. (1)

    1This paragraph gives further guidance on the flexibility a firm has in drafting its certificates.

  2. (2)

    A certificate may cover functions that a certification employee is not currently performing, as long as the firm has assessed the employee’s fitness for these additional functions. This is subject to (3).

  3. (3)

    When a firm is deciding what a certificate can cover beyond the functions that the certification employee is currently performing, it should take the factors in SYSC 27.2.15G(2) into account. A certificate should not normally cover an additional function if SYSC 27.2.15G(2) would require the firm to consider the employee’s fitness before allowing them to perform it.

  4. (4)

    A firm may, if it wishes, restrict a certificate to the functions that the certification employee is currently performing rather than drafting the certificate more widely as described in (2) and (3).

  5. (5)

    SYSC 27.2.10G deals with the flexibility a firm has in choosing the period for which a certificate lasts.

SYSC 27.3 Territorial scope

SYSC 27.3.1 R
  1. (1)

    1A function is an FCA certification function for a UK SMCR firm only to the extent:

    1. (a)

      it is performed by a person from an establishment of the firm (or its appointed representative) in the United Kingdom; or

    2. (b)

      the person performing that function is dealing with a client of the firm in the United Kingdom from an establishment of the firm (or its appointed representative) overseas.

  2. (2)

    A function is an FCA certification function for an overseas SMCR firm only to the extent that it is performed by a person from an establishment of the firm (or its appointed representative) in the United Kingdom.

  3. (3)

    Paragraph (1) does not apply to FCA certification function (6) (material risk takers). For a UK SMCR firm, FCA certification function (6) applies without any territorial limitation.

SYSC 27.3.2 G

1The FCA interprets the phrase ‘dealing with’ in SYSC 27.3.1R as including having contact with clients and extending beyond ‘dealing’ as used in the phrase ‘dealing in investments’. ‘Dealing in’ is used in Schedule 2 to the Act to describe in general terms the regulated activities which are specified in Part II of the Regulated Activities Order.

SYSC 27.3.3 G

1The FCA interprets the phrase ‘a client of the firm in the United Kingdom’ in SYSC 27.3.1R as referring to:

  1. (1)

    for a client which is a body corporate, its office or branch in the United Kingdom; or

  2. (2)

    for a client who is an individual, a client who is in the United Kingdom at the time of the dealing.

SYSC 27.3.4 G
  1. (1)

    2The Regulated Activities Order has an effect on the territorial scope of this chapter.

  2. (2)

    As explained in SYSC 27.7.1R (General requirements), a function is only an FCA certification function if it is connected to regulated activities.

  3. (3)

    Therefore where overseas activities are excluded from being regulated activities by the Regulated Activities Order, that will have an effect on the certification regime.

SYSC 27.3.5 G
  1. (1)

    2An example of SYSC 27.3.4G is the territorial restriction relating to regulated claims management activities.

  2. (2)

    As explained in PERG 2.4A (Link between regulated claims management activities and Great Britain), a claims management activity specified in the Regulated Activities Order is only a regulated activity if it is carried on by way of business in Great Britain.

  3. (3)

    The result is that a claims management activity specified in the Regulated Activities Order carried on outside Great Britain is an unregulated activity for the purposes of this chapter and the FCA certification functions.

  4. (4)

    This restriction:

    1. (a)

      applies to the FCA certification function in SYSC 27.3.1R(3) as well as to the other FCA certification functions; and

    2. (b)

      applies in addition to the restriction in SYSC 27.3.1R.

SYSC 27.4 General material about the scope of the certification regime

Employees

SYSC 27.4.1 G
  1. (1)

    1The certification regime only applies to an employee.

  2. (2)

    This definition includes a person who:

    1. (a)

      personally provides, or is under an obligation personally to provide, services to the firm in question under an arrangement made between the firm and the person providing the services or another person; and

    2. (b)

      is subject to (or to the right of) supervision, direction or control by the firm as to the manner in which those services are provided.

SYSC 27.4.2 G
  1. (1)

    1A person who works for an appointed representative of a firm may fall into the certification regime. In practice, however, they may not meet the conditions for the certification regime to apply.

  2. (2)

    One condition for the certification regime to apply to a person is that the person performs a certification function under an arrangement entered into by the firm (see SYSC 27.2.3G). However, unlike the equivalent parts of the Act for the approved persons regime, the Act does not say that the certification regime applies if the function is performed under an arrangement entered into by the employee with a contractor of the firm instead of the firm.

  3. (3)

    The certification regime only applies if the person concerned is an employee. This is defined in SYSC 27.4.1G. In many cases, a person working for an appointed representative will not fall into this definition as they may not:

    1. (a)

      provide services to the firm; or

    2. (b)

      be subject to (or to the right of) supervision, direction or control by the firm.

  4. (4)

    If none of these limitations on the scope of the certification regime apply, a person working for an appointed representative will be subject to the certification regime, as long as the other conditions in this chapter are met.

Effect of PRA requirements

SYSC 27.4.3 G

1A function does not cease to be an FCA certification function if that function is also a PRA certification function.

SYSC 27.5 Exclusions for emergency and temporary appointments

Emergency appointments

SYSC 27.5.1 G
  1. (1)

    1If:

    1. (a)

      a firm appoints an individual to perform a function which, but for this rule, would be an FCA certification function;

    2. (b)

      the appointment is to provide cover for a certification employee whose absence is reasonably unforeseen; and

    3. (c)

      the appointment is for less than four weeks;

    then the performance by that individual of such function does not constitute an FCA certification function.

  2. (2)

    This rule does not apply to FCA certification function (4) (functions requiring qualifications).

SYSC 27.5.2 G

1 SYSC 27.5.1R does not apply to FCA certification function (4) (functions requiring qualifications). Where there is an unforeseen absence of an employee performing a function for which there is a qualification requirement:

  1. (1)

    the firm should take reasonable care to ensure that no employee of that firm performs that function without a valid certificate; and

  2. (2)

    the certificate should be issued before the person starts to perform the function.

Temporary UK role (the 30-day rule)

SYSC 27.5.3 R
  1. (1)

    None of the FCA certification functions extend to an individual (“P”) in relation to a firm if:

    1. (a)

      P is based outside the United Kingdom for the firm; and

    2. (b)

      in a 12-month period, P spends no more than 30 days performing what would otherwise be an FCA certification function for that firm within the territorial scope of this chapter as described in SYSC 27.3.1R.

  2. (2)

    Paragraph (1) only applies to the extent that P is appropriately supervised by:

    1. (a)

      one of the firm’s SMF managers; or

    2. (b)

      one of the firm’s certification employees whose certificate covers the FCA certification function that is to be disapplied under (1).

  3. (3)

    This rule does not apply to any FCA certification function to the extent that it involves:

    1. (a)

      giving advice or performing related activities in connection with pension transfers, pension conversions or pension opt-outs for retail clients; or

    2. (b)

      giving advice to a person to become, or continue or cease to be, a member of a particular Lloyd’s syndicate.

  4. (4)

    In the case of a UK SMCR firm, this rule does not apply to FCA certification function (6) (material risk takers).

SYSC 27.5.4 G

1 SYSC 27 Annex 1 G gives examples of how SYSC 27.5.3R works.

SYSC 27.5.5 G

1The FCA would expect an individual from overseas using the temporary UK role rule in SYSC 27.5.3R to be accompanied on a visit to a customer in the United Kingdom.

SYSC 27.5.6 G

1An individual benefiting from the temporary UK role rule in SYSC 27.5.3R may still be subject to the requirements of TC (Training and competence). However, TC 2.1.9R gives an exemption from certain qualification requirements in TC to an individual benefiting from the temporary UK role rule.

SYSC 27.6 Other exclusions

Single Market Directives

SYSC 27.6.1 G

Under section 63E(7) of the Act (to the extent that it continues in force under the standstill direction),5 this chapter does not apply to an arrangement which allows an employee to perform a function if the question of whether the employee is fit and proper to perform the function is reserved under certain European legislation5 to an authority in a country or territory outside the United Kingdom. The standstill direction means the standstill direction as defined in the direction made by the FCA under Part 7 of the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (Amendment) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019 that came into force on IP completion day4 and is titled “FCA Transitional Direction”.5

1

Insolvency

SYSC 27.6.2 R

1This chapter does not apply to a function performed by a person acting as:

  1. (1)

    an insolvency practitioner under section 388 of the Insolvency Act 1986;

  2. (2)

    a nominee in relation to a voluntary arrangement under Part I (Company Voluntary Arrangements) of the Insolvency Act 1986;

  3. (3)

    an insolvency practitioner under article 3 of the Insolvency (Northern Ireland) Order 1989; or

  4. (4)

    a nominee in relation to a voluntary arrangement under Part II (Company Voluntary Arrangements) of the Insolvency (Northern Ireland) Order 1989.

Non-executive directors

SYSC 27.6.3 R

1A function performed by a non-executive director of a firm acting as such is not an FCA certification function for that firm.

Benchmarks

SYSC 27.6.4 R
1
  1. (1)

    This chapter does not apply to a firm in relation to benchmark activities.3

  2. (2)

    In particular, this chapter does not apply to a pure benchmark SMCR firm.3

SYSC 27.6.5 G

1Some benchmark activities are within the certification regime under SYSC TP 7.5 (Transitional provisions about benchmarks and the certification regime).

Overall responsibility

SYSC 27.6.6 R

1Performing any of the following is not an FCA certification function:

  1. (1)

    a responsibility allocated to an SMF manager under SYSC 26.3 (Main rules); or

  2. (2)

    a responsibility allocated to someone under SYSC 26.4.6R (Exclusion where the 12-week rule applies).

SYSC 27.6.7 R

2 SYSC 27.6.6R does not apply to having overall or local responsibility for the SMCR legal function.

Administrators

SYSC 27.6.8 R

2A function in paragraph (A) of row (6) of the table in COCON 1.1.2R (Table: To whom does COCON apply?) is not an FCA certification function.

Exclusions: Sole traders

SYSC 27.6.9 G
  1. (1)

    2An individual sole trader will not themselves be a certification employee.

  2. (2)

    However members of a sole trader’s staff may be.

  3. (3)

    Therefore the certification regime does not apply to a sole trader with no employees.

Exclusions: Internally managed AIFs

SYSC 27.6.10 R

2This chapter does not apply to a firm that meets the following conditions:.

  1. (1)

    it is an internally managed AIF;

  2. (2)

    it is a body corporate; and

  3. (3)

    it is not a collective investment scheme.

SYSC 27.7 Specification of functions

General requirements

SYSC 27.7.1 R

1In accordance with section 63E of the Act (Certification of employees by authorised persons), a function is an FCA certification function only if, in relation to the carrying on of a regulated activity by a firm, that function:

  1. (1)

    is not a controlled function in relation to the carrying on of that regulated activity by that firm; and

  2. (2)

    will require the person performing it to be involved in one or more aspects of the firm’s affairs, so far as relating to that regulated activity.

Scope: FCA certification functions

SYSC 27.7.2 R

1In accordance with section 63E(3) of the Act, the functions in the table in SYSC 27.7.3R are FCA certification functions.

SYSC 27.7.3 R

1Table: FCA certification functions

Function

Where defined

(1) CASS oversight

SYSC 27.8.1R

(2) Proprietary trader

SYSC 27.8.3R

(3) Significant management

SYSC 27.8.4R

(4) Functions requiring qualifications

SYSC 27.8.10R

(5) Managers of certification employees

SYSC 27.8.13R

(6) Material risk takers

SYSC 27.8.14R

(7) Client-dealing

SYSC 27.8.18R

(8) Algorithmic trading

SYSC 27.8.23R

SYSC 27.7.4 G
  1. (1)

    1If a function falls into more than one of the FCA certification functions in the table in SYSC 27.7.3R, all of those FCA certification functions apply to it.

  2. (2)

    For example, if a person’s job involves both FCA certification function (4) (functions requiring qualifications) and (6) (material risk takers), the emergency appointments rule (SYSC 27.5.1R) does not apply to that job.

  3. (3)

    Another example is the rule about the territorial scope of this section (SYSC 27.3.1R)) for a UK SMCR firm. For example, if a person’s job involves both FCA certification function (4) (functions requiring qualifications) and (6) (material risk takers), the territorial restriction in that rule does not apply to that job. Instead, this chapter applies without any territorial limitation.

  4. (4)

    The reason for (3) is that SYSC 27.3.1R(3) says that there is no territorial limitation on FCA certification function (6) for a UK SMCR firm. As explained in (1), it does not matter that the job also involves FCA certification function (4), to which the territorial limitation does apply.

Overlap with designated senior management functions

SYSC 27.7.5 G
  1. (1)

    2SYSC 27.7.1R(1) means that an FCA-designated senior management function cannot also be an FCA certification function at the same time.

  2. (2)

    So an SMF manager performing an activity that forms part of their FCA-designated senior management function is not, by performing that activity, also performing an FCA certification function.

  3. (3)

    But if an FCA-designated senior management function does not apply to a firm, performing the function described in the definition of that FCA-designated senior management function can be an FCA certification function.

  4. (4)

    2See SYSC 27.8.7AG for an example of this.

SYSC 27.8 Definitions of the FCA certification functions

CASS oversight function

SYSC 27.8.1 R
  1. (1)

    1Each of the following is an FCA certification function:

    1. (a)

      in relation to a CASS medium firm and a CASS large firm (other than a CASS large debt management firm), the function of acting in the capacity of a person who is allocated the function in CASS 1A.3.1AR (oversight of operational effectiveness);

    2. (b)

      in relation to a CASS large debt management firm, the function of acting in the capacity of a person who is allocated the function in CASS 11.3.4R (oversight of operational effectiveness);2

    3. (c)

      2in relation to a CASS small firm, the function of acting in the capacity of a person who is allocated the function in CASS 1A.3.1R (oversight of operational effectiveness);

    4. (d)

      2in relation to a firm to which CASS 13 (Claims management: client money) applies, the function of acting in the capacity of a person who is allocated the function in CASS 13.2.3R (Organisational requirements and responsibility for CASS operational oversight).

  2. (2)

    A function in (1) is not an FCA certification function for that firm if it is performed by an SMF manager of that firm.

SYSC 27.8.2 G

1 SYSC 27.8.1R(1) only applies to a firm to the extent that CASS applies to that firm.

Proprietary trader function

SYSC 27.8.3 R

1The function of acting as a proprietary trader whose activity involves, or might involve, a risk of significant harm to the firm or any of its customers is an FCA certification function.

Significant management function

SYSC 27.8.4 R
  1. (1)

    1The function of acting as a senior manager, with significant responsibility for a significant business unit, is an FCA certification function.

  2. (2)

    For an overseas SMCR firm’s branch in the United Kingdom, the significant management function is limited to business units of the branch.

SYSC 27.8.5 G

1A senior manager carrying on the significant management FCA certification function under SYSC 27.8.4R could, for example, be:

  1. (1)

    the head of a unit carrying on the activities of:

    1. (a)

      retail banking;

    2. (b)

      personal lending;

    3. (c)

      corporate lending;

    4. (d)

      salvage or loan recovery;

    5. (e)

      proprietary trading;

    6. (f)

      designated investment business;

    7. (g)

      effecting contracts of insurance;

    8. (h)

      credit-related regulated activity;

    9. (i)

      making material decisions on the commitment of the firm’s financial resources, its financial commitments, its assets acquisitions, its liability management or its overall cash and capital planning;

    10. (j)

      processing confirmations, payments, settlements, insurance claims, client money and similar matters;

    11. (k)

      administration of contracts of insurance;

    12. (l)

      complaints handling; or

    13. (m)

      determining whether an applicant should be accepted for credit (including lending) and on what terms; or

  2. (2)

    a member of a committee (that is, a person who, together with others, has authority to commit the firm) making decisions in these functions.

SYSC 27.8.6 G

1The examples in SYSC 27.8.5G are illustrative only. They are not intended to be exhaustive.

SYSC 27.8.7 G

1A business unit is not limited to one that carries on commercial activities with customers and third parties or that earns revenue. A business unit can be an internal support department that has no contact with people outside the firm. It may include, for example, human resources, the legal department,2 operations or information technology.

SYSC 27.8.7A G
  1. (1)

    2An example of SYSC 27.7.5G is that a person performs the significant management FCA certification function if:

    1. (a)

      the person performs a role coming within the definition of one of the following roles:

      1. (i)

        an FCA-designated senior management function described in SUP 10C.6A (Systems and controls functions: Finance, risk and internal audit); or

      2. (ii)

        the chief operations function; and

    2. (b)

      that FCA-designated senior management function does not apply to the firm.

  2. (2)

    For example, if a core SMCR firm has a chief risk officer, the chief risk officer will not be performing the chief risk officer function because the chief risk officer function does not apply to core SMCR firms. Instead that person will perform the significant management FCA certification function.

  3. (3)

    (2) does not apply if the chief risk officer performs that role as part of their job as an executive director. The executive director function applies to core SMCR firms and so that person will be performing the executive director function rather than the significant management FCA certification function.

SYSC 27.8.8 G

1For the purposes of the definition of the significant management FCA certification function, the following additional factors about the firm should be considered:

  1. (1)

    the size and significance of the firm’s business in the United Kingdom – for example, a firm carrying on designated investment business may have a large number of certification employees (for example, in excess of 100 individuals); or a firm carrying on general insurance business may have gross written premiums in excess of £100m;

  2. (2)

    the number of regulated activities carried on, or proposed to be carried on, by the firm and (if relevant) other members of the group;

  3. (3)

    its group structure (if it is a member of a group);

  4. (4)

    its management structure (for example, matrix management); and

  5. (5)

    the size and significance of its international operations, if any.

SYSC 27.8.9 G

1When considering whether a business unit is significant for the purposes of SYSC 27.8.4R, the firm should take into account all relevant factors in the light of the firm’s current circumstances and its plans for the future, including:

  1. (1)

    the risk profile of the unit;

  2. (2)

    its use or commitment of the firm’s capital;

  3. (3)

    its contribution to the profit and loss account;

  4. (4)

    the number of employees, certification employees or SMF managers in the unit;

  5. (5)

    the number of customers of the unit; and

  6. (6)

    any other factor which makes the unit significant to the conduct of the firm’s affairs so far as relating to the regulated activity.

Functions requiring qualifications

SYSC 27.8.10 R
  1. (1)

    1Each function involving an activity for which there is a qualification requirement as specified in TC App 1.1.1R (Activities and Products/Sectors to which TC applies) is an FCA certification function.

  2. (2)

    For an overseas SMCR firm, each function involving an activity for which there would have been a qualification requirement, as specified in (1) if the firm had been a UK SMCR firm, is an FCA certification function.

  3. (3)

    A person performs the FCA certification function in this rule even if:

    1. (a)

      the time period within which the person must have obtained the qualification requirement has not yet expired; or

    2. (b)

      the person is exempt from the qualification requirement.

SYSC 27.8.11 G
  1. (1)

    1SYSC 27.8.10R (Functions requiring qualifications) may still apply to an SMCR firm where one of the exclusions in TC App 3.1 (Circumstances in which TC does not apply) or elsewhere in TC applies.

  2. (2)

    SYSC 27.8.10R applies to an overseas SMCR firm irrespective of whether the function in TC App 1.1.1R (Activities and Products/Sectors to which TC applies) applies to EEA PTV firms 3 or overseas firms for the purposes of TC.

  3. (3)

    The territorial scope of qualification requirements as specified in TC App 2.1.1R (Territorial Scope subject to the limitation in TC Appendix 3) does not apply to the FCA certification function in SYSC 27.8.10R. However SYSC 27.3.1R (Territorial scope) restricts the scope of this chapter outside the United Kingdom.

SYSC 27.8.12 G

1 SYSC 27.8.10R(3) means that a person performs the FCA certification function in SYSC 27.8.10R even if for example they are:

  1. (1)

    still in training and do not yet need to have the qualification; or

  2. (2)

    exempt under TC 2.1.9R (Exemption from appropriate qualification requirements).

Managers of certification employees

SYSC 27.8.13 R
  1. (1)

    1The function of managing or supervising a certification employee, directly or indirectly, is an FCA certification function.

  2. (2)

    A function in (1) is not an FCA certification function for that firm if it is performed by an SMF manager of that firm.

Material risk takers

SYSC 27.8.14 R

1Each function performed by a person in column (2) of the table in SYSC 27.8.15R is an FCA certification function with respect to a firm in the corresponding entry in column (1).

SYSC 27.8.15 R

1Table: Definition of material risk taker

Type of SMCR firm

Employees included

(1) An SMCR banking firm, including an EEA SMCR banking firm3

Each member of the dual-regulated firms Remuneration Code staff of the firm in column (1) of this row (1).

This includes any person who meets any of the criteria set out in articles 3 to 5 of the Material Risk Takers Regulation3 (criteria to identify categories of staff whose professional activities have a material impact on an institution’s risk profile).

(2) [deleted]3

(3) A Solvency II firm

Persons referred to in articles 275.1(c) and (d) of Solvency II Regulation 2015/35 (key functions and staff with a material impact).

2(4) A firm falling within SYSC 19A.1 (application provisions for the remuneration code for IFPRU investment firms), including an EEA SMCR firm3

Each member of the Remuneration Code staff of the firm in column (1).

2(5) [deleted]3

2(6) A firm falling within SYSC 19B.1 (application provisions for the remuneration code for a fullscope UK AIFM)

Each member of the AIFM Remuneration Code staff of the firm in column (1).

2(7) An above-threshold non-UK AIFM3

In relation to a firm in column (1), the definition of AIFM Remuneration Code staff is extended so that it includes employees of this kind of firm in the same way as it includes employees of firms in row (6) of this table.

2(8) A firm falling within SYSC 19C.1 (application provisions for remuneration code for BIPRU firms)) including an EEA SMCR firm3

Each member of the BIPRU Remuneration Code staff of the firm in column (1).

2(9) [deleted]3

2(10) A firm falling within SYSC 19E.1 (application provisions for remuneration code for UCITS management companies)

Each member of the UCITS Remuneration Code staff of the firm in column (1).

2(11) [deleted]3

Note: The definition of the persons included in column (2) applies in relation to an EEA SMCR firm in one of the rows of column (1) in the same way as it does to other overseas SMCR firms in that row. The definitions of dual-regulated firms Remuneration Code staff, Remuneration Code staff, AIFM Remuneration Code staff and BIPRU Remuneration Code staff apply accordingly.3

SYSC 27.8.16 G

1If the definitions or requirements in the ‘Employees included’ column of the table in SYSC 27.8.15R (as adjusted) do not apply to a firm in the corresponding entry in the ‘Type of SMCR firm’ column, that row of the table does not apply to the firm.

SYSC 27.8.17 G

1One example of SYSC 27.8.16G is that a credit union is excluded from the table in SYSC 27.8.15R. Therefore the material risk taker FCA certification function does not apply to a credit union. However, it is subject to equivalent PRA requirements.

Client-dealing function

SYSC 27.8.18 R

1A person (“P”) performs the client-dealing FCA certification function for a firm if:

  1. (1)

    P is carrying out any of the activities in the table in SYSC 27.8.19R; and

  2. (2)

    those activities will involve P dealing with:

    1. (a)

      a person with or for whom those activities are carried out; or

    2. (b)

      the property of any such person;

    in a manner substantially connected with the carrying on of regulated activities by the firm.

SYSC 27.8.19 R

1Table: Activities covered by the client-dealing FCA certification function

Activity

Comments

(1) The following activities:

(a) advising on investments other than a non-investment insurance contract; or

(b) performing other functions related to this, such as dealing

and arranging.

(a) does not include advising on investments in the course of carrying on the activity of giving basic advice on a stakeholder product.

(2) The following activities:

(a) giving advice in connection with corporate finance business; or

(b) performing other functions related to this.

(3) If the firm does any of the following activities:

(a) dealing, as principal or as agent;

or

(b) arranging (bringing about) deals in investments;

taking part in those activities is included.

(a) and (b) do not include dealing or arranging (bringing about) deals in investments in a non-investment insurance contract.

For the activity in this row (3), SYSC 27.8.18R(2)(a) and (b) are expanded to cover also:

(a) a person in connection with whom the activities in the first column of this row are carried out; and

(b) the property of any such person.

(4) If the firm is acting in the capacity of an investment manager the following are included:

(a) taking part in that activity; and

(b) carrying on functions connected to this.

(5) Acting as a ‘bidder’s representative’ in relation to bidding in emissions auctions.

SYSC 27.8.20 G

1 SYSC 27.3.2G (the FCA interprets the phrase ‘dealing with’ as including having contact with and extending beyond ‘dealing’ as used in ‘dealing in investments’) applies to SYSC 27.8.18R.

SYSC 27.8.21 G

1The client-dealing FCA certification function generally involves dealing with any person with or for whom the activities in the table in SYSC 27.8.19R are carried out (or their property). That person need not be a client of the firm.

SYSC 27.8.22 G

1The restrictions in SYSC 27.7.1R (FCA certification function should require the person performing it to be involved in one or more aspects of the firm’s affairs so far as they relate to regulated activities) also applies to the client-dealing FCA certification function.

SYSC 27.8.22A R
  1. (1)

    2This rule qualifies rows (3) and (4) of the table in SYSC 27.8.19R (Table: Activities covered by the client-dealing FCA certification function).

  2. (2)

    A person does not perform a function in (1) if their only activities that would otherwise come within the client-dealing FCA certification function do not require them to exercise a significant amount of discretion, judgment or technical skill.

SYSC 27.8.22B G
  1. (1)

    2The client-dealing FCA certification function does not apply to purely administrative roles even though they involve customer contact.

  2. (2)

    SYSC 27.8.22AR excludes someone who has no scope to choose, decide or reach a judgement on what should be done in a given situation, and whose tasks do not require them to exercise significant technical skill.

  3. (3)

    SYSC 27.8.22AR is likely to exclude a role that is simple or largely automated.

  4. (4)

    There is no need to apply SYSC 27.8.22AR to row (1)(b) or (2)(b) of the table in SYSC 27.8.19R, because a person must also be carrying out the functions in row (1)(a) or (2)(a) for the client-dealing FCA certification function to apply and the functions in row (1)(a) or (2)(a) require judgment and skill.

Algorithmic trading function

SYSC 27.8.23 R
  1. (1)

    1Each of the following is an FCA certification function:

    1. (a)

      approving the deployment of:

      1. (i)

        a trading algorithm or a part of one; or

      2. (ii)

        an amendment to a trading algorithm or a part of one; or

      3. (iii)

        a combination of trading algorithms; and

    2. (b)

      each of the following functions:

      1. (i)

        having significant responsibility for the management of monitoring whether or not a trading algorithm; and

      2. (ii)

        deciding whether or not a trading algorithm;

      is, or remains, compliant with the firm’s obligations.

  2. (2)

    The firm’s obligations in (1)(b) include:

    1. (a)

      the firm’s regulatory obligations; and

    2. (b)

      the rules and requirements of the trading venues to which the firm’s trading systems are connected.

SYSC 27.8.24 R

1A trading algorithm means a computer algorithm used in algorithmic trading.

SYSC 27.8.25 G

1 Algorithmic trading is not limited to high-frequency algorithmic trading.

SYSC 27.8.26 G

1Deploying a trading algorithm includes deploying one on a trading venue on which the firm has not traded before where the firm is already using that trading algorithm on another trading venue.

SYSC 27.8.27 G

1 SYSC 27.8.23R(1)(b) (monitoring or deciding whether or not a trading algorithm is compliant) includes testing, such as validation and stress testing.

SYSC 27.8.28 G
  1. (1)

    1Sometimes an approval or a decision involves sign-off from different people about different aspects of the decision or approval.

  2. (2)

    If this is the case, all will have given the approval or decision for the purposes of SYSC 27.8.23R.

SYSC 27.8.29 G
  1. (1)

    1Sometimes an approval or decision involves sign-off by a number of people of different levels of seniority about the same aspects of the decision.

  2. (2)

    If this is the case, only the most senior decision-taker gives the approval or decision for the purposes of SYSC 27.8.23R.

  3. (3)

    Where the firm’s procedures do not require the more senior person to carry out a detailed review of the decision of the more junior, both the junior and the senior person will give the approval or decision.

SYSC 27.8.30 G

1A firm may have deployed an algorithm even though:

  1. (1)

    it has not yet actually been used in the generation or acceptance of orders; or

  2. (2)

    it is not actually being used in the generation or acceptance of orders at the moment; or

  3. (3)

    it is not currently being used in the generation or acceptance of orders because the circumstances have not arisen for it to start doing so.

SYSC 27.8.31 G

1In the examples in SYSC 27.8.30G the algorithm is capable of being used in the generation or acceptance of orders but is not actually generating or accepting them at the moment. However, a firm does not deploy an algorithm if the algorithm is not yet capable of generating or accepting orders because, for example, it is still in development.

SYSC 27.8.32 G

1The algorithmic trading FCA certification function applies whether the firm develops the algorithm itself or buys one from a third party.

SYSC 27.9 Material relating to several FCA certification functions

Legal function

SYSC 27.9.1 G

1A person performing the function described in SYSC 26.4.9R (Exclusion of the legal function) will perform the significant management or the material risk taker FCA certification function, or both.

SYSC 27 Annex 1 Examples of how the temporary UK role rule in SYSC 27.5.3R (the 30-day rule) works

Annex 1 G

1 Example

How the temporary UK role rule applies

(1)

A spends 20 days in the UK performing the proprietary trader FCA certification function for Firm X and wishes to spend another 20 days in the UK performing the significant management FCA certification function for Firm X.

The rule does not allow this. There is a single 30-day allowance, not a separate 30-day allowance for each FCA certification function.

(2)

A spends 20 days in the UK performing an FCA certification function for Firm X (which is a UK SMCR firm) and wishes to spend another 20 days dealing with Firm X’s clients in the UK from the overseas office of Firm X in which A is based.

The rule does not allow this. There is a single 30-day limit for both types of contact with the UK.

(3)

A wishes to spend 40 days dealing with Firm X’s clients in the UK from the overseas office of Firm X (which is a UK SMCR firm) in which A is based. However the total time spent doing that will only be a few hours overall.

The rule does not allow this. If A deals with a UK client on one day, that uses up one day of the 30-day allowance, however short the time for which the contact lasts.

(4)

A spends 25 days in calendar year one for Firm X in the UK and 25 days in calendar year two. However A spends 40 days in the UK for Firm X between June in calendar year 1 and June in calendar year 2.

The rule does not allow this. This is because the 30-day annual allowance relates to any 12-month period and not just a calendar year.

(5)

Firm X is an overseas SMCR firm. A is employed by Firm X and is based in one of its offices outside the UK. A wants to work in the UK branch for 10 days.

The rule applies to overseas SMCR firms.

It does not matter that A is not employed by the UK branch and instead is employed by another part of Firm X.

It does not make a difference whether A is based in an office of Firm X in its home state or one in a third country.

(6)

A is based in one of Firm X’s overseas offices. Firm X then decides to relocate A to the UK, where A will be certified to perform an FCA certification function for Firm X. Firm X wants to rely on the temporary UK role rule for the first 30 days while Firm X goes through the certification process for A.

The rule does not allow this. A is no longer based in an overseas office and so the rule does not apply.

(7)

A is based in the overseas branch of a UK SMCR firm. A is to be promoted, so that A will be performing the material risk taker FCA certification function. Firm X wants to rely on the temporary UK role rule for the first 30 days while Firm X goes through the certification process for A.

The rule does not allow this because it does not apply to the material risk taker FCA certification function when it is performed for a UK SMCR firm.

A reference in this table to an FCA certification function is to a function that would have been an FCA certification function but for SYSC 27.5.3R (temporary UK role).