PERG 16.5 How AIFMD affects other regulated activities

Part 1: Examples of how the regulated activities specific to AIFMs interact with other regulated activities

Example

Explanation of interaction with other regulated activities

(1) A firm (A) with permission to manage an AIF, manages an AIF that is also a collective investment scheme

A does not need permission to establish, operate or wind up a collective investment scheme. The CIS exclusion applies.

(2) A firm (A) with permission to establish, operate or wind up a collective investment scheme wants to manage an AIF

A needs to vary its permission to cover managing an AIF

(3) An unauthorised person (A) manages an AIF that is also a collective investment scheme and also operates it. No authorised AIFM is in place.

A will be establishing, operating or winding up a collective investment scheme and managing an AIF. The effect on unauthorised persons of the overlap between the definitions of AIF and collective investment schemes is different to the effect on authorised persons. The CIS exclusion does not apply as A is not an authorised person.

(4) A firm (A) with permission to manage a UK UCITS1 wishes to act as an AIFM

A needs to vary its permission to cover managing an AIF.

(5) A firm (A) with permission to manage an AIF delegates the management of some of the AIF's securities portfolios to B.

B does not manage an AIF for the reasons described in the part of the answer to Question 3.7 (What effect does delegation have?) dealing with the delegation of core functions. However, B manages investments. See article 78 of the AIFMD level 2 regulation (Delegation of portfolio or risk management) on the ability of an AIFM to delegate portfolio management or risk management to a person authorised or registered for the purpose of asset management.

Even if B's activity could otherwise be establishing, operating or winding up a collective investment scheme, it will not be in this case because A's role means that the CIS exclusion is available to B.

(6) Same as (5). B's Part 4A permission covers managing an AIF or managing a UK UCITS1.

Same answer. B's Part 4A permission should be amended to cover managing investments.

(7) A has permission to manage an AIF. The AIF has several investment compartments. A appoints B to manage the securities portfolio which makes up one of these compartments.

The answer in (5) applies here too. The investment compartment is not treated as a separate AIF (see Question 2.63 (Is each investment compartment a separate AIF?)). This arrangement is not contrary to the requirement in article 5(1) of AIFMD that each AIF have only one AIFM, as that requirement operates at the level of the AIF and not each separate investment compartment.

(8) A firm (A) with permission to manage an AIF delegates risk management to a UK firm, B.

B does not manage an AIF. If the fund is also a collective investment scheme, B does not need permission to establish, operate or wind up a collective investment scheme. (5) explains the reasons for this.

If B's functions involve managing investments it will need permission for that (see (5)).

Even if B's activities are not regulated activities, A will not be able to delegate to B unless B has permission to manage investments, manage an AIF or manage a UK UCITS1

because of article 78 of the AIFMD level 2 regulation (Delegation of portfolio or risk management).

(9) A carries out portfolio and risk management of an AIF. B runs the rest of the scheme.

A is managing an AIF. The difference from (5) is that B has not delegated portfolio management to A.

(10) A is managing an AIF (and has permission to do so). B is in charge of administering the scheme.

B is not establishing, operating or winding up a collective investment scheme because of the CIS exclusion. B is not managing an AIF for the reasons described in the answer to Question 3.5 (Does anyone carrying on only the activities listed in the answer to Question 3.4 carry on the regulated activity of managing an AIF?).

(11) Same as (11). Then A resigns as manager.

Same answer as (10). B may carry on its activities for 30 days while a new AIFM is put in place. That 30-day period may be extended in certain circumstances.

(12) A is managing an AIF (and has permission to do so) and is responsible for issuing and selling units or shares in the AIF.

Selling shares or units often involves dealing in investments as principal or dealing in investments as agent. However, A does not need these permissions as the activities are covered by the extended definition of managing an AIF described in the answer to Question 3.4 (What are the additional activities referred to paragraph (1) of the answer to Question 3.3?) and hence the connected purposes exclusion applies.

(13) A firm (A) with permission to manage an AIF sets up an AIF that is also a collective investment scheme. A intends to manage it.

The fact that A is establishing a collective investment scheme does not mean A needs permission to establish, operate or wind up a collective investment scheme. In our view, taking preliminary steps towards the carrying on of a regulated activity is itself carrying on that activity. A manager who is setting up a scheme is taking preliminary steps of that kind to manage an AIF. Hence, the connected purposes and CIS exclusions apply.

(14) A (acting by way of business) sets up an AIF that is also a collective investment scheme. A does not intend to manage it. B has been appointed as AIFM. B has permission to manage an AIF.

As explained in (13), taking preparatory steps towards carrying on a regulated activity is itself a regulated activity. On this approach, as B has started managing an AIF, the CIS exclusion comes into play and A does not need permission for establishing a collective investment scheme.

(15) A (acting by way of business) sets up an AIF that is also a collective investment scheme. A does not intend to manage it. A has lined up a firm (B) with permission to manage an AIF to be the AIFM but B has not been appointed yet.

A will require permission to establish, operate or wind up a collective investment scheme as B has not begun to manage an AIF.

(16) A firm (A) with permission to manage an AIF manages an AIF and carries out portfolio and risk management for the AIF. A also is in charge of marketing and issuing units in the AIF. As part of that process A gives investment advice to potential investors.

A does not need permission for advising on investments. Instead the advisory activity is included within managing an AIF. The reasons are similar to those in (12).Marketing and issuing units in the AIF is part of the extended managing activity (see Question 3.4).The advising is carried on by A in connection with, or for the purposes of, marketing and issuing. As explained in paragraph (2) of the answer to Question 3.3 (Are the activities mentioned in the answer to Question 3.1 the only activities included in managing an AIF?), this means that the advising is included in managing an AIF. Therefore, the connected purposes exclusion excludes it from advising on investments.

(17) Same as (16). However, (leaving aside the RAO provisions explained in PERG 16.3 and PERG 16.5) the advisory activity would not have involved advising on investments.

For the reason in (16) the advisory activity is still a regulated activity, as part of managing an AIF.

References to the "connected purposes exclusion" are to the exclusion described in paragraph (1) of the answer to Question 5.2 (Won't the overlap between collective investment schemes and AIFs mean that an AIFM will need unnecessarily overlapping permissions?). References to the "CIS exclusion" are to the exclusion described in paragraph (2) of the answer to Question 5.2.

Part 2: Examples of how the regulated activities specific to depositaries interact with other regulated activities

Example

Explanation of interaction with other regulated activities

(1) A is the depositary of an AIF and its permission covers this activity

A acts as a depositary of an AIF. A does not safeguard and administer investments.

(2) A is the depositary of an AIF and its permission covers this activity. A delegates some of the custody activities to B.

For A, the result is the same as under (1). B does not act as a depositary of an AIF but instead safeguards and administers investments.

(3) A is depositary of an AIF. A carry vehicle or co-investment scheme invests alongside the AIF. That vehicle is a collective investment scheme and A is its custodian. The schemes invest in financial assets.

A's role in relation to the AIF means that its permission should cover acting as a depositary of an AIF. A's role in relation to the carry or co-investment vehicle means that its permission should cover safeguarding and administering investments. The exclusion described in the answer to Question 5.3 (Does the depositary of an AIF also need permission for safeguarding and administering investments?) does not apply in relation to the carry or co-investment vehicle.