FIT 2 applies to:

1. (1)

   a firm (including an SMCR firm2);1

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2. (2)

   an applicant for Part 4A permission;

3. (3)

   an 1EEA firm or a Treaty firm2 that wishes to establish a branch into the United Kingdom using EEA rights or Treaty rights;2or apply for a top-up permission2;

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4. (4)

   an approved person performing an FCA controlled function2;

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5. (5)

   a candidate for an FCA controlled function2;1

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6. (6)

   a certification employee performing an FCA certification function2; and1

7. (7)

   a person whom an SMCR firm2 is proposing to certify to perform an FCA certification function2.1

The purpose of FIT is to set out and describe the criteria that:1

1. (1)

   an SMCR firm2 should consider when:1

   1. (a)

      assessing the fitness and propriety of a candidate whom the firm is proposing to put forward for approval as an FCA-approved SMF manager;1

   2. (b)

      assessing the continuing fitness and propriety of a person approved to perform the function of an FCA-approved SMF manager, including for formulating an opinion about whether there are any grounds on which the regulator could withdraw the approval given to that individual to perform that function under section 63(2A) of the Act;

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   3. (c)

      assessing the fitness and propriety of a person whom the firm is proposing to certify to perform an FCA certification function2; and

   4. (d)

      assessing the continuing fitness and propriety of a person whom the firm has certified to perform an FCA certification function2; and

2. (2)

   the FCA will consider when assessing the fitness and propriety of a candidate for a controlled function, including a designated senior management function (see generally SUP 10A and SUP 10C on approved persons), and may consider when assessing the continuing fitness and propriety of approved persons.1

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1The table in FIT 1.1.4G summarises the situations to which FIT applies.

7Under section 60A(1) of the Act, before an SMCR firm14 may make an application for the FCA's approval of a controlled function14 the firm14 must be satisfied that the person for whom the application is made is a fit and proper person to perform that function.

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Under section 61(1) of the Act (Determination of applications), the FCA7 may grant an application for approval made under section 60 (Applications for approval) of the Act14 only if it is satisfied that the candidate is fit and proper to perform the controlled function to which the application relates.

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Under section 63F of the Act, an SMCR firm14 may issue a certificate to a person to perform a certification function14 only if it is satisfied that the person is a fit and proper person to perform that function.7

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7Under sections 60A and 63F 7of the Act, in assessing whether a person is a fit and proper person to perform an FCA designated senior management function or an FCA certification function14, 7an SMCR firm14 must have particular regard to whether that person:

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1. (1)

   has obtained a qualification; or

2. (2)

   has undergone, or is undergoing, training; or

3. (3)

   possesses a level of competence; or

4. (4)

   has the personal characteristics;

required by general rules made by the FCA.

7The key general rules relating to the criteria listed in FIT 1.2.1BG1410 include:

1. (1)

   in the case of very senior employees, SYSC 4.2 (persons who effectively direct the business) and SYSC 4.3A.3R (management body);

2. (2)

   for personnel14 of firms generally,10 the competent employees rule10; 14

3. (3)

   in relation to retail activities, TC 2.1.1R, TC 2.1.5BR and14TC 2.1.12R (employees' competence); and14

4. (4)

   for those who are employees of insurance firms, SYSC 3.1.6R.14

19Under section 63(1) of the Act (Withdrawal of approval), the FCA may withdraw an approval under section 59 given by the FCA or the PRA in relation to the performance by a person of a function if it considers that the person is not a fit and proper person to perform the function.

The Act does not prescribe the matters which the FCA7 should take into account when determining fitness and propriety. However, section 61(2) states that the FCA7 may have regard (among other things) to whether the candidate or approved person:7

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1. (1)

   has obtained a qualification; or

2. (2)

   has undergone, or is undergoing, training; or

3. (3)

   possesses a level of competence; or

4. (4)

   has the personal characteristics;

required by general rules made by the FCA.

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1. (1)

   11Under Article 21(1)(d) of the MiFID Org Regulation and articles 34 and 35 of MiFID, the requirement to employ personnel with the knowledge, skills and expertise necessary for the discharge of the responsibilities allocated to them is reserved to the firm’s Home State. Therefore, in assessing the fitness and propriety of:

   1. (a)

      11a person to perform a controlled function; or

   2. (b)

      11a certification employee;

   11solely in relation to the MiFID business of an incoming EEA firm, the FCA will not have regard to that person’s competence and capability.

2. (2)

   11Where the function relates to:

   1. (a)

      11matters outside the scope of MiFID13; or

   2. (b)

      11business outside the scope of the MiFID business of an incoming EEA firm, for example insurance distribution activities12 in relation to life policies; or

   3. (c)

      11matters within the responsibility of the FCA as the Host State regulator, for example money laundering responsibilities (see the money laundering reporting function (CF11 and SMF17)) or (3) below;

   11the FCA will have regard to a person’s competence and capability as well as their honesty, integrity, reputation and financial soundness.

3. (3)

   11The FCA will have regard to a natural person’s competence and capability to the extent they give a personal recommendation or information about financial instruments, structured deposits, investment services or ancillary services on behalf of a UK branch of:

   1. (a)

      11an investment firm authorised under MiFID;

   2. (b)

      11an AIFM investment firm carrying out activities under article 6(4) of the AIFMD (provision of additional services);

   3. (c)

      11a UCITS investment firm carrying out activities under article 6(3) of the UCITS Directive (provision of additional services); or

   4. (d)

      11a credit institution.

4. (4)

   11(3) is the result of the combined effect of articles 25(1) (Assessment of suitability and appropriateness and reporting to clients) and 35(8) (Establishment of a branch) of MiFID.

5. (5)

   11(1) to (4) are also relevant to the matters an EEA SMCR firm14 should take into account when assessing any staff being assessed under FIT. Where, under (1) to (4):

   1. (a)

      11the FCA will have regard to a person’s competence and capability, so should a firm when assessing any staff being assessed under FIT; and

   2. (b)

      11the FCA will not have regard to a person’s competence and capability, a firm need not do so either when assessing any staff being assessed under FIT.

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6 Where the application relates to a function within a Solvency II firm and is for an FCA controlled function which is also a Solvency II Directive ‘key function’ as defined in the PRA Rulebook: Glossary, then the FCA will also have regard to the assessment made by the firm as required in article 273 of the Solvency II Regulation (EU) 2015/35 of 10 October 2014; Rules 2.1 and 2.2 of the PRA Rulebook: Solvency II Firms: Insurance - Fitness and Propriety, and other factors, as set out in EIOPA Guidelines on system of governance dated 28 January 2015 (see Guideline 16).

12Under article 10(1) and (2) of the IDD appropriate knowledge and ability is reserved to the firm’s Home State (see SUP 13A Annex 2G).

The FCA1will have regard to a number of factors when assessing the fitness and propriety of a person to perform a particular controlled function, as more particularly described in FIT 2 (Main assessment criteria).1

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1The FCA would expect firms that are required to assess the fitness and propriety of staff being assessed under FIT to have regard to substantially the same factors as those outlined in FIT 2.

1In the FCA's view, the most important considerations will be the person’s:

1. (1)

   honesty, integrity and reputation;

2. (2)

   competence and capability; and

3. (3)

   financial soundness.

In assessing fitness and propriety, the FCA1 will also take account of the activities of the firm for which the controlled function is or is to be performed, the permission held by that firm and the markets within which it operates.

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1An SMCR firm2 assessing the fitness and propriety of staff being assessed under FIT should consider:

1. (1)

   the nature, scale and complexity of its business, the nature and range of financial services and activities undertaken in the course of that business; and

2. (2)

   whether the candidate or person has the knowledge, skills and experience to perform the specific role that the candidate or person is intended to perform.

An SMCR firm2 is reminded that, in assessing a candidate for a position within the management body of the firm, SYSC 4.3A.3R(3) requires the firm to ensure that the management body, as a collective, possesses adequate knowledge, skills and experience to understand the firm's activities.

The criteria listed in FIT 2.1 to FIT 2.3 are guidance and will be applied in general terms when the FCA1 is determining a person's fitness and propriety. It would be impossible to produce a definitive list of all the matters which would be relevant to a particular determination. An SMCR firm2 assessing the fitness and propriety of staff being assessed under FIT should be guided by substantially the same criteria in FIT 2.1 to FIT 2.3 (to the extent applicable to the firm), recognising that this is not intended to be a definitive list of matters to be considered. 1

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If a matter comes to the FCA's1 attention which suggests that the person might not be fit and proper, the FCA1 will take into account how relevant and how important it is. In the same way, if a matter comes to the attention of an SMCR firm2 which suggests that any staff being assessed under FIT might not be fit and proper, the firm should take into account how relevant and how important that matter is. 1

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1An SMCR firm2 assessing the continuing fitness and propriety of an approved person is required to notify the FCA under section 63(2A) of the Act if it forms the opinion that there are grounds on which the FCA could withdraw its approval (see SUP 10C.14.24R). In discharging its obligation to notify the FCA, an SMCR firm2 should take into account how relevant and how important the matter is that comes to its attention which suggests an approved person might not be fit and proper before determining that a notification should be made.

1An SMCR firm2 assessing the continuing fitness and propriety of staff being assessed under FIT should assess the role that the individual is actually performing at the time the assessment is done. For this purpose, the assessor(s) should be provided with an up-to-date job description for that individual in advance of the assessment.

During the application process for a controlled function, the 1FCA1 may discuss the assessment of the candidate's fitness and propriety informally with the firm making the application and may retain any notes of those discussions.

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