CASS 3.1 Application and Purpose

Firms are reminded that this chapter1 does not apply to an incoming EEA firm, other than an insurer, with respect to its passported activities. The application of this chapter1 is also dependent on the location from which the activity is undertaken (see CASS 1.3.2 R and CASS 1.3.3 R).

For the purpose of this chapter1 only, a bare security interest in the client's asset gives a firm the right to realise the assets only on a client's default and without the right to use other than in default.

The purpose of this chapter1 is to ensure that an appropriate level of protection is provided for those assets over which a client gives a firm certain rights. The arrangements covered by this chapter1 are those under which the firm is given a right to use the asset, and the firm treats the asset as if legal title and associated rights to that asset had been transferred to the firm subject only to an obligation to return equivalent assets to the client upon satisfaction of the client's obligation to the firm. The rights covered in this chapter1 do not include those arrangements by which the firm has only a bare security interest in the client's asset (in which case the custody rules or client money rules apply).

Examples of the arrangements covered by this chapter1 include the taking of collateral by a firm, under the ISDA English Law (transfer of title) and the New York Law Credit Support Annexes (assuming the right to rehypothecate has not been disapplied).

This chapter1 recognises the need to apply a differing level of regulatory protection to the assets which form the basis of the two different types of arrangement described in CASS 3.1.5 G. Under the bare security interest arrangement, the asset continues to belong to the client until the firm's right to realise that asset crystallises (that is, on the client's default). But under a "right to use arrangement", the client has transferred to the firm the legal title and associated rights to the asset, so that when the firm exercises its right to treat the asset as its own, the asset ceases to belong to the client and in effect becomes the firm's asset and is no longer in need of the full range of client asset protection. The firm may exercise its right to treat the asset as its own by, for example, clearly so identifying the asset in its own books and records.

3Firms are reminded of the client's best interests rule which requires a firm to act honestly, fairly and professionally, in accordance with the best interests of its clients, when agreeing to, entering into, exercising its rights under and fulfilling its obligations under an arrangement covered by this chapter, and when structuring its business to include such arrangements.

2A prime brokerage firm is reminded of the additional obligations in CASS 9.3.1R which apply to prime brokerage agreements.