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CASS 1A.1 Application

CASS 1A.1.1 R RP
  1. (1)

    1Subject to (2), (3) and (4)3, this2 chapter applies to a firm to which either or both of CASS 6 (Custody rules) and CASS 7 (Client money rules) applies.

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  2. (2)

    In relation to a firm to which CASS 5 (Client money: insurance distribution6 activity) and CASS 7 (Client money rules) apply, this chapter does not apply in relation to client money that a firm holds in accordance with CASS 5.

  3. (3)

    The rules and guidance in CASS 1A.2 apply to a firm even if at the date of the determination or, as the case may be, the notification, either or both of CASS 6 and CASS 7 do not apply to it, provided that:

    1. (a)

      either or both of those chapters applied to it during part or all of the previous calendar year; or

    2. (b)

      it projects that either or both will apply to it in the current calendar year.2

  4. (4)

    This chapter does not apply to a firm to which only CASS 6 applies, applied or is projected to apply, merely because:43

    4
    1. (a)

      it is, was, or is projected to be a firm which arranges safeguarding and administration of assets; or4

    2. (b)

      when acting as a small AIFM and in relation to excluded custody activities, it would be, would have been or would be projected to be a firm which arranges safeguarding and administration of assets but for the exclusion in article 72AA of the RAO.4

CASS 1A.1.2 R RP

5The rules and guidance in CASS 1A.2 (CASS firm classification) do not apply to a firm following its failure.

CASS 1A.2 CASS firm classification

CASS 1A.2.1 G RP

The application of certain rules in this chapter depends upon the ‘CASS firm type’ within which a firm falls. The ‘CASS firm types’ are defined in accordance with CASS 1A.2.7 R. The ‘CASS firm type’ within which a firm falls is also used to determine whether it is required to have the CASS operational oversight function described in CASS 1A.3.1A R and1 whether 4the reporting obligations in SUP 16.14 (Client money and asset return) apply to it4.

4
CASS 1A.2.2 R RP
  1. (1)

    A firm must once every year, and by the time it is required to make a notification in accordance with4CASS 1A.2.9R (4), determine whether it is a CASS large firm, CASS medium firm or a CASS small firm according to the amount of client money or safe custody assets which it holds, using the limits set out in the table in CASS 1A.2.7 R.

    4
  2. (2)

    For the purpose of determining its ‘CASS firm type’ in accordance with CASS 1A.2.7 R, a firm must:

    1. (a)

      if it currently holds client money or safe custody assets, calculate the higher of the highest total amount of client money and the highest total value of safe custody assets held during the previous calendar year ending on 31 December and use that figure to determine its ‘CASS firm type’;

    2. (b)

      if it did not hold client money or safe custody assets in the previous calendar year but projects that it will do so in the current calendar year, calculate the higher of the highest total amount of client money and the highest total value of safe custody assets that it projects that it will hold during that year and use that figure to determine its ‘CASS firm type’; but

    3. (c)

      in either case, exclude from its calculation any client money held in accordance with CASS 5 (Client money: insurance distribution5 activity).

CASS 1A.2.3 R RP

For the purpose of calculating the value of the total amounts of client money and safe custody assets that it holds on any given day during a calendar year a firm must:

  1. (1)

    in complying with CASS 1A.2.2R (2)(a), base its calculation upon internal reconciliations performed during the previous year;

  2. (2)

    in relation to client money or safe custody assets denominated in a currency other than sterling, translate the value of that money or that safe custody assets into sterling at the previous day’s closing spot exchange rate; and

  3. (3)

    in relation to safe custody assets only, calculate their total value using the previous day’s closing mark to market valuation, or if in relation to a particular safe custody asset none is available, the most recent available valuation.

CASS 1A.2.4 G RP

One of the consequences of CASS 1A.2.2 R is that a firm that determines itself to be a CASS small firm or a CASS medium firm will, at least if it exceeds during the course of a calendar year either of the limits in CASS 1A.2.7 R that applies to it, become in the next calendar year:

  1. (1)

    in the case of a CASS small firm, a CASS medium firm or a CASS large firm; and

  2. (2)

    in the case of a CASS medium firm, a CASS large firm.

CASS 1A.2.5 R RP
  1. (1)

    Notwithstanding CASS 1A.2.2 R, provided that the conditions in (2) are satisfied a firm may elect to be treated:

    1. (a)

      as a CASS medium firm, in the case of a firm that is classed by the application of the limits in CASS 1A.2.7 R as a CASS small firm; and

    2. (b)

      as a CASS large firm, in the case of a firm that is classed by the application of the limits in CASS 1A.2.7 R as a CASS medium firm.

  2. (2)

    The conditions to which (1) refers are that in either case:

    1. (a)

      the election is notified4 to the FCAin writing4;

      44
    2. (b)

      the notification in accordance with (a) is made4 at least one week before the election is intended to take effect; and

      4
    3. (c)

      the FCA has not objected.

CASS 1A.2.6 G RP

CASS 1A.2.5 R provides a firm with the ability to opt in to a higher category of ‘CASS firm type’. This may be useful for a firm whose holding of client money and safe custody assets is near the upper categorisation limit for a CASS small firm or a CASS medium firm.

CASS 1A.2.7 R RP

CASS firm types

CASS firm type

Highest total amount of client money held during the firm’s last calendar year or as the case may be that it projects that it will hold during the current calendar year

Highest total value of safe custody assets held by the firm during the firm's last calendar year or as the case may be that it projects that it will hold during the current calendar year

CASS large firm

more than £1 billion

more than £100 billion

CASS medium firm

an amount equal to or greater than £1 million and less than or equal to £1 billion

an amount equal to or greater than £10 million and less than or equal to £100 billion

CASS small firm

less than £1 million

less than £10 million

CASS 1A.2.8 R

[deleted]4

CASS 1A.2.8A R

[deleted]4

CASS 1A.2.9 R RP

Once every calendar year a firm must notify to the FCA in writing the information specified in (1), (2) or (3) as applicable, and the information specified in (4), in each case no later than the day specified in (1) to (4):4

4
  1. (1)

    if it held client money or safe custody assets in the previous calendar year, the highest total amount of client money and the highest total value of safe custody assets held during the previous calendar year, notification of which must be made no later than the fifteenth business day of January; or4

    4
  2. (2)

    if it did not hold client money or safe custody assets in the previous calendar year but at any point up to the fifteenth business day of January the firm projects that it will do so in the current calendar year, the highest total amount of client money and the highest total value of safe custody assets that the firm projects that it will hold during the current calendar year, notification of which must be made no later than the fifteenth business day of January4; or

    4
  3. (3)

    in any other case, the highest total amount of client money and the highest total value of safe custody assets that the firm projects that it will hold during the remainder of the current calendar year, notification of which must be made no later than the business day before the firm begins to hold client money or safe custody assets4; and

    44
  4. (4)

    in every case, of its ‘CASS firm type’ classification, notification of which must be made at the same time the firm makes the notification under (1), (2) or (3)4.

CASS 1A.2.10 R RP

For the purpose of the annual notification to which CASS 1A.2.9 Rrefers4, a firm must apply the calculation rule in CASS 1A.2.3 R.

4 4 2
CASS 1A.2.11 G RP

For the purpose of CASS 1A.2.9R (1), the FCA will treat that obligation as satisfied if a firm submitted4 a CMAR for each period within the previous calendar year 4 in compliance with SUP 16.14.3 R.3

4 3 4 3 4 3
CASS 1A.2.12 R RP

4A firm's 'CASS firm type' and any change to it takes effect:

  1. (1)

    if the firm notifies the FCA in accordance with CASS 1A.2.9 R (1) or CASS 1A.2.9 R (2), on 1 February following the notification; or

  2. (2)

    if the firm notifies the FCA in accordance with CASS 1A.2.9 R (3), on the day it begins to hold client money or safe custody assets; or

  3. (3)

    if the firm makes an election under CASS 1A.2.5 R (1), and provided the conditions in CASS 1A.2.5 R (2) are satisfied, on the day the notification made under CASS 1A.2.5 R (2)(a) states that the election is intended to take effect.

CASS 1A.2.13 G RP

4Any written notification made to the FCA under this chapter should be marked for the attention of: "Client Assets Firm Classification".

CASS 1A.3 Responsibility for CASS operational oversight

CASS 1A.3.1 R RP
  1. (1)

    A CASS small firm must allocate to a single6director3 or senior manager3 of sufficient skill and authority6 responsibility for:3

    1. (a)

      oversight of the firm’s operational compliance with CASS; and3

    2. (b)

      reporting to the firm'sgoverning body in respect of that oversight.3

  2. (2)

    A CASS small firm that is not a relevant authorised person must make the allocation in (1) to a director or senior manager who is approved to perform a significant influence function for that firm.3

[Note: article 7, first paragraph of the MiFID Delegated Directive]6

1
CASS 1A.3.1-A G RP

3The material in CASS 1A.3.1BG about how CASS 1A.3 fits into the FCA approved persons regime for relevant authorised persons also applies to a CASS small firm and the function in CASS 1A.3.1R. However:

  1. (1)

    the function in CASS 1A.3.1R is not an FCA specified significant-harm function; and

  2. (2)

    the person performing that function will not necessarily be subject to the employee certification regime described in SYSC 5.2 (Certification Regime).

1

The approved persons regime and the certification regime3

CASS 1A.3.1A R RP

1A CASS medium firm and a CASS large firm must allocate to a single6director or senior manager of sufficient skill and authority6 the function of:

  1. (1)

    oversight of the operational effectiveness of that firm’s systems and controls that are designed to achieve compliance with CASS;

  2. (2)

    reporting to the firm’sgoverning body in respect of that oversight; and

  3. (3)

    completing and submitting a CMAR to the FCA in accordance with SUP 16.14.

[Note: article 7, first paragraph of the MiFID Delegated Directive]6

CASS 1A.3.1B G RP
  1. (1)
    1. (a)

      CASS 1A.3.1AR describes the FCA controlled function known as the CASS operational oversight function (CF10a). The table of FCA controlled functions3 in SUP 10A.4.4R3 together with SUP 10A.7.9R3 specify the CASS operational oversight function as an FCA required function4 for a firm to which CASS 1A.3.1AR applies.3

    2. (b)

      The CASS operational oversight function does not apply to a relevant authorised person.3

  2. (2)
    1. (a)

      For a firm that is a UK relevant authorised person5, the function in CASS 1A.3.1AR is not a separate controlled function and performing that function does not require approval as an approved person.3

    2. (b)

      A UK relevant authorised person5 must allocate overall responsibility for the firm’s compliance with CASS to one of its SMF managers (see SYSC 4.7.5R). That responsibility is an “FCA-prescribed senior management responsibility”. The full list of FCA-prescribed senior management responsibilities is in the table in SYSC 4.7.7R.3

    3. (c)

      A UK relevant authorised person5 may allocate the function in CASS 1A.3.1AR to the SMF manager in (b).3

    4. (d)

      A UK relevant authorised person5 may allocate the CASSFCA-prescribed senior management responsibility described in (b) to an SMF manager who does not perform any other function coming within the FCA approved persons regime for relevant authorised persons. See SUP 10C.7 (Other overall responsibility function (SMF18)) for details.3

    5. (e)

      A UK relevant authorised person5 may choose to allocate the function in CASS 1A.3.1AR to someone who is not an approved person and SMF manager. If so:3

      1. (i)

        that person will be subject to the employee certification regime described in SYSC 5.2 (Certification Regime);3

      2. (ii)

        that person will be subject to supervision by the SMF manager in (b); and3

      3. (iii)

        the function in CASS 1A.3.1AR will be the CASS oversight FCA specified significant-harm function in SYSC 5.2.32R.3

  3. (3)

    Broadly speaking, paragraph (2) applies to a third-country relevant authorised person, with certain differences:5

    1. (a)

      SYSC 4.8.6R and SYSC 4.8.9R apply instead of SYSC 4.7.5R and SYSC 4.7.7R;5

    2. (b)

      SUP 10C.8 applies instead of SUP 10C.7;5

    3. (c)

      the other local responsibility function (SMF22) applies in place of the other overall responsibility function (SMF18).5

  4. (4)
    1. (a)

      The position of an incoming EEA firm that has a top-up permission is slightly different.5

    2. (b)

      The firm may choose to allocate the function in CASS 1A.3.1AR to an SMF manager.5

    3. (c)

      The firm may instead choose to allocate the function in CASS 1A.3.1AR to someone who is not an SMF manager.5

    4. (d)

      Where (c) applies, the person performing the function in CASS 1A.3.1AR will fall into the certification regime.5

    5. (e)

      FCA-prescribed senior management responsibilities do not apply to an incoming EEA firm that has a top-up permission. There is no requirement in SYSC 4.7 or SYSC 4.8 that an SMF manager in an incoming EEA firm should have overall responsibility for CASS.5

    6. (f)

      Having responsibility for CASS may fall within the scope of the EEA branch senior manager function (SMF21).5

    7. (g)

      However, having responsibility for CASS may not fall into any controlled function.5

1
CASS 1A.3.1C R RP

2If, at the time a firm that is not a relevant authorised person3becomes a CASS medium firm or a CASS large firm in accordance with CASS 1A.2.12 R (1) or CASS 1A.2.12 R (2), the firm is not able to comply with CASS 1A.3.1A R because it has no director or senior manager who is an approved person in respect of the CASS operational oversight function, the firm must:

  1. (1)

    take the necessary steps to ensure that it complies with CASS 1A.3.1A R as soon as practicable, which must at least include submitting an application for a candidate in respect of the CASS operational oversight function within 30 business days of the firm becoming a CASS medium firm or a CASS large firm; and

  2. (2)

    until such time as it is able to comply with CASS 1A.3.1A R, allocate to a director performing a significant influence function or a senior manager performing a significant influence function responsibility for:

    1. (a)

      oversight of the firm's operational compliance with CASS;

    2. (b)

      reporting to the firm'sgoverning body in respect of that oversight; and

    3. (c)

      completing and submitting the CMAR to the FCA in accordance with SUP 16.14.

CASS 1A.3.1D G RP
  1. (1)

    3CASS 1A.3.1CR provides a grace period for a firm that is not a relevant authorised person to apply for someone to be approved to perform the CASS operational oversight function.

  2. (2)

    There is no equivalent to CASS 1A.3.1CR for a relevant authorised person, because a person does not need specific FCA approval before carrying out the function. This is explained in (3) to (5), below.

  3. (3)

    As explained in CASS 1A.3.1BG(2), the function in CASS 1A.3.1AR is not, by itself, a controlled function.

  4. (4)

    Therefore, if an approved person is to perform the function for a relevant authorised person, it can be allocated to any director or senior manager who is already an approved person who is suitable to carry it out.

  5. (5)

    If the function is to be carried out by a certification employee:

    1. (a)

      FCA approval is not needed because performance of a role that falls into the certification regime does not require FCA approval;

    2. (b)

      the firm should:

      1. (i)

        either issue them with a certificate under SYSC 5.2 (Certification regime) before the firm becomes a CASS medium firm or a CASS large firm; or

      2. (ii)

        give the function to a suitable approved person pending issue of the certificate.

CASS 1A.3.2 R

[deleted]1

1
CASS 1A.3.2A R RP

6Where a firm allocates the responsibilities in CASS 1A.3.1R or CASS 1A.3.1AR (“the CASS oversight responsibilities”) to a director or senior manager (“P”), the firm must not allocate any other responsibilities to P in addition to the CASS oversight responsibilities, unless the firm is satisfied on reasonable grounds that:

  1. (1)

    P will still be able to discharge the CASS oversight responsibilities effectively; and

  2. (2)

    the firm’s full compliance with CASS will not be compromised.

[Note: article 7, second paragraph of the MiFID Delegated Directive]

CASS 1A.3.2B R RP

6A firm may allow the CASS oversight responsibilities to be shared amongst one or more directors or senior managers where this is done as part of a job share between those persons.

CASS 1A.3.3 R RP
  1. (1)

    Subject to (2), a firm must make and retain an appropriate record of the person to whom responsibility is allocated in accordance with CASS 1A.3.1 R, CASS 1A.3.1A R or CASS 1A.3.1C R (2)2.1

  2. (2)

    A CASS small firm must make and retain such a record only where it allocates responsibility to a person other than the person in that firm who performs the compliance oversight function.

  3. (3)

    A firm must ensure that the record made under this rule is retained for a period of five years after it is made.