CASS applies to a firm as specified in the remainder of this chapter.

The purpose of this chapter is to set out to whom, for what activities, and within what territorial limits the rules, evidential provisions and guidance in CASS apply.

The rules in CASS 1.2 set out the maximum scope of this sourcebook. The application of CASS is modified for certain activities by CASS 1.4. Also particular chapters or sections of CASS may have provisions which limit their application.

1. (1)

   8In the client money chapter and the insurance client money chapter, an insurance undertaking acts as such when it carries on the business of effecting or carrying out contracts of insurance.

2. (2)

   An insurance undertaking does not act as such when it enters into a reinsurance contract as a client of the reinsurer.

1. (1)

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2. (2) 7

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3. (3)

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4. (3A)

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5. (4)

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6. (5)

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7. (6)

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8. (7)

   The debt management client money chapter applies to CASS debt management firms receiving or holding client money for, or on behalf of, a client in the course of or in connection with debt management activity.6

1. (1)

   CASS applies directly in respect of activities conducted with or for all categories of clients.2

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2. (2)

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3. (3)

   The insurance client money chapter2 does not generally distinguish between different categories of client. However, the term consumer4is used for those to 4whom additional obligations are owed, rather than the term retail client.2 This is to be consistent with the client categories used in 1the Insurance: New Conduct of Business sourcebook4.

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4. (4)

   Each provision in the collateral rules, 7custody chapter, 7 the client money chapter and CASS 9 (Information to clients) 7 makes it clear whether it applies to activities carried on for retail clients, professional clients or both. 2

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5. (4A)

   7There is no further modification of the rules in the chapters referred to in (4) for activities carried on for eligible counterparties. Such clients are treated in the same way as other professional clients for the purposes of these rules.

6. (5)

   The debt management client money chapter generally applies in respect of relevant dealings with the client category known as customers. In general, the client categories of retail clients, professional clients, as well as eligible counterparties, have no relevance to credit-related regulated activities, including debt management activities.6

1. (1)

   7The fact that a firm'sclient is an affiliated company for MiFID business does not affect the operation of CASS to the firm in relation to that client.

2. (2)

   For business that is not MiFID business, the operation of the custody chapter or the client money chapter may differ if a firm'sclient is an affiliated company and depending on certain other conditions (see, for example, CASS 6.1.10B R and CASS 7.10.26 R7).

   7

2The purpose of the rules regarding the segregation of investments and money held under different regimes is to reduce the risk of confusion between assets held under different regimes either on an on-going basis or on the failure of a firm or a third party holding those assets.

2A firm may, where permitted by the relevant rules7 opt to hold under a single chapter money that would otherwise be held under different chapters (see CASS 7.10.3 R and CASS 7.10.30 R7). However, making such an election does not remove the requirement under CASS 1.2.11R (1). 7

The rules in CASS 1.3 set out the maximum territorial scope of this sourcebook. Particular rules3 may have express territorial limitations.

3The territorial scope of CASS 14 is set out at CASS 14.1.6R.

1. (1)

   The custody chapter and the client money chapter apply in respect of any stock lending activity that is undertaken with or for a client3 by a firm. 1

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2. (2)

   The collateral rules apply, where relevant, in respect of stock lending activity.1

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1. (1)

   The custody chapter and the client money chapter apply in respect of corporate finance business that is undertaken by a firm.1

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2. (2)

   The collateral rules apply, where relevant, in respect of corporate finance business.1

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1. (1)

   The custody chapter and the client money chapter apply in respect of oil market activity and other energy market activity that is undertaken by a firm.1

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2. (2)

   The collateral rules apply, where relevant, in respect of energy market activity.1

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1. (1)

   Although CASS does not apply directly to a firm's appointed representatives, a firm will always be responsible for the acts and omissions of its appointed representatives in carrying on business for which the firm has accepted responsibility (section 39(3) of the Act). In determining whether a firm has complied with any provision of CASS, anything done or omitted by a firm's1appointed representative (when acting as such) will be treated as having been done or omitted by the firm (section 39(4) of the Act1). Equally, CASS does not apply directly to tied agents. A MiFID investment firm will be fully and unconditionally responsible for the acts and omission of the tied agents that it appoints. 2

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2. (2)

   Firms should also refer to SUP 12 (Appointed representatives), which sets out requirements which apply to firms using appointed representatives and tied agents2.

5 Firms acting as trustee or depositary of an AIF are reminded of the obligations in FUND 3.11 (Depositaries) and Chapter IV (Depositary) of the AIFMD level 2 regulation which apply in addition to those in CASS.

9 Firms acting as trustee or depositary of a UK UCITS 13 are reminded of the obligations in COLL 6.6B (UCITS depositaries) and in the UCITS level 2 regulation, 10which apply in addition to those in CASS.

1. (1)

   6The debt management client money chapter applies to CASS debt management firms receiving or holding client money.

2. (2)

   The mandate rules apply, where relevant, to CASS debt management firms carrying on debt management activity.

GEN 2.2.14 R (References to writing) has the effect that electronic media may be used to make communications that are required by the Handbook to be "in writing" unless a contrary intention appears.

For any electronic communication with a customer, a firm should:

1. (1)

   have in place appropriate arrangements, including contingency plans, to ensure the secure transmission and receipt of the communication; it should also be able to verify the authenticity and integrity of the communication; the arrangements should be proportionate and take into account the different levels of risk in a firm's business;

2. (2)

   be able to demonstrate that the customer wishes to communicate using this form of media; and

3. (3)

   if entering into an agreement, make it clear to the customer that a contractual relationship is created that has legal consequences.

Firms should note that GEN 2.2.14 R does not affect any other legal requirement that may apply in relation to the form or manner of executing a document or agreement.